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Shloka 19

Brahmā’s Boons, Hiraṇyakaśipu’s Cosmic Tyranny, and Prahlāda’s Transcendental Qualities

स इत्थं निर्जितककुबेकराड् विषयान् प्रियान् । यथोपजोषं भुञ्जानो नातृप्यदजितेन्द्रिय: ॥ १९ ॥

sa itthaṁ nirjita-kakub eka-rāḍ viṣayān priyān yathopajoṣaṁ bhuñjāno nātṛpyad ajitendriyaḥ

Хотя он покорил все стороны света и стал единодержавным владыкой, Хираньякашипу не насытился, даже наслаждаясь всеми желанными чувственными удовольствиями; ибо вместо того чтобы обуздать чувства, он оставался их слугой.

सःhe
सः:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/1st), एकवचन
इत्थम्thus/in this manner
इत्थम्:
Kriya-vishesana (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइत्थम् (अव्यय)
Formक्रियाविशेषण-अव्यय (adverb)
निर्जित-ककुब्having conquered the quarters (directions)
निर्जित-ककुब्:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootनिर्जित (कृदन्त; नि: + जि) + ककुब् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formबहुव्रीहि/तत्पुरुष-प्रायः विशेषणसमासः; ‘ककुभः (दिशः) निर्जिताः येन’ अर्थे; पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन (सः इति विशेषणम्)
एक-राट्sole king/monarch
एक-राट्:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject; apposition)
TypeNoun
Rootएक (प्रातिपदिक) + राट् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/1st), एकवचन; कर्मधारयः ‘एकः राट्’
विषयान्sense-objects/enjoyments
विषयान्:
Karma (कर्म/Object)
TypeNoun
Rootविषय (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative/2nd), बहुवचन
प्रियान्dear/pleasing
प्रियान्:
Karma (कर्म/Object qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रिय (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative/2nd), बहुवचन; विषयान् इति विशेषणम्
यथाas/according to
यथा:
Kriya-vishesana (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथा (अव्यय)
Formउपमान/प्रकार-अव्यय (adverb: ‘as/according as’)
उपजोषम्at will/as he pleased
उपजोषम्:
Kriya-vishesana (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootउपजोष (प्रातिपदिक; अव्ययीभाव-प्रायः)
Formअव्ययीभावसमासः/क्रियाविशेषण-भावः; द्वितीया-एकवचन-रूपेण अव्ययवत् प्रयोगः (to one’s satisfaction/at will)
भुञ्जानःenjoying
भुञ्जानः:
Karta (कर्ता/agent participle)
TypeVerb
Rootभुज् (धातु)
Formवर्तमान-कृदन्त (शतृ/Present active participle), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; परस्मैपदी
not
:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन (अव्यय)
Formनिषेध-अव्यय (negation particle)
अतृप्यत्was satisfied
अतृप्यत्:
Kriya (क्रिया/verb)
TypeVerb
Rootतृप् (धातु)
Formलङ्-लकार (Imperfect), प्रथम-पुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन; परस्मैपद; न + अतृप्यत् = ‘was not satisfied’
अजित-इन्द्रियःone whose senses were uncontrolled
अजित-इन्द्रियः:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootअजित (कृदन्त; a- + जि) + इन्द्रिय (प्रातिपदिक)
Formबहुव्रीहिः ‘अजितानि इन्द्रियाणि यस्य’ (whose senses are unconquered); पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; सः इति विशेषणम्

This is an example of asuric life. Atheists can advance materially and create an extremely comfortable situation for the senses, but because they are controlled by the senses, they cannot be satisfied. This is the effect of modern civilization. Materialists are very much advanced in enjoying money and women, yet dissatisfaction prevails within human society because human society cannot be happy and peaceful without Kṛṣṇa consciousness. As far as material sense gratification is concerned, materialists may go on increasing their enjoyment as far as they can imagine, but because people in such a material condition are servants of their senses, they cannot be satisfied. Hiraṇyakaśipu was a vivid example of this dissatisfied state of humanity.

H
Hiraṇyakaśipu

FAQs

This verse explains that even after gaining supreme power and freely enjoying sense-objects, one cannot become satisfied if the senses remain unconquered (ajitendriyaḥ).

Because his senses and desires were not controlled; therefore, enjoyment only fed further craving rather than bringing inner contentment.

It points to the need for self-discipline and devotion-centered habits—otherwise, more consumption and achievement will not produce lasting fulfillment.