Shloka 38

युद्धे अङ्गद-मैन्द-द्विविद-राक्षसयुद्धम्; कुम्भस्य प्रादुर्भावः तथा सुग्रीवेण पराभवः

Sarga 76: Angada and the Vanara chiefs battle Kampana, Prajaṅgha, Yūpākṣa, Śoṇitākṣa; Kumbha enters and is checked by Sugrīva

Devanagari script

स धनुर्धन्विनांश्रेष्ठःप्रगृह्यसुसमाहितः ।मुमोचाशीविषप्रख्यान्शरान्देहविदारणान् ।।।।

Transliteration

sa dhanur dhanvināṃ śrēṣṭhaḥ pragṛhya susamāhitaḥ |

mumōcāśīviṣa-prakhyān śarān dēha-vidāraṇān ||

Translation

Ele—o mais eminente entre os arqueiros—empunhou o arco com perfeita compostura e disparou flechas como serpentes venenosas, capazes de dilacerar corpos.

Word by Word

• सः: he
• सः: कर्ता (Karta/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; सर्वनाम

• धनुः: bow
• धनुः: कर्म (Karma/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: धनुस् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन

• धन्विनाम्: of bow-wielders
• धन्विनाम्: सम्बन्ध (Sambandha/Genitive relation)
• Type: Noun
• Root: धन्विन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th/Genitive), बहुवचन

• श्रेष्ठः: the foremost
• श्रेष्ठः: कर्ता (Karta/Subject; apposition to सः)
• Type: Noun
• Root: श्रेष्ठ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; गुणवाचक-शब्दः (used substantively)

• प्रगृह्य: having grasped
• प्रगृह्य: क्रियाविशेषण (Kriyāviśeṣaṇa/Adverbial to main verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: प्र + ग्रह् (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वान्त (Absolutive/Gerund), अव्ययभाव; ‘having taken/holding’

• सुसमाहितः: fully composed
• सुसमाहितः: विशेषण (Viśeṣaṇa of सः)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सु-समाहित (प्रातिपदिक; सम् + आ + धा धातु से क्त)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; क्त-प्रत्ययान्त (past passive participle) used adjectivally; अव्ययीभाव-पूर्वपद ‘सु’

• मुमोच: released
• मुमोच: क्रिया (Kriyā/Finite verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: मुच् (धातु)
• Form: लिट् (Perfect), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन

• आशीविष-प्रख्यान्: resembling venomous serpents
• आशीविष-प्रख्यान्: विशेषण (Viśeṣaṇa of शरान्)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: आशीविष + प्रख्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, बहुवचन; तत्पुरुष (उपमान-निर्देशक: ‘आशीविषवत् प्रख्याः’ = like venomous serpents)

• शरान्: arrows
• शरान्: कर्म (Karma/Object of मुमोच)
• Type: Noun
• Root: शर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), बहुवचन

• देह-विदारणान्: body-rending
• देह-विदारणान्: विशेषण (Viśeṣaṇa of शरान्)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: देह + विदारण (प्रातिपदिक; वि + दृ धातु से ल्युट्/णिच्-भाव)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, बहुवचन; तत्पुरुष (षष्ठी/कर्मधारय-भाव: ‘देहं विदारयन्ति’ = body-tearing)

Context

He (Kumbha), the foremost wielder of bow, taking up the bow, remaining fully composed released arrows that resembled poisonous serpents capable of tearing the flesh.

Characters & Entities

• Kumbha (implied by context)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Even in violence, the epic stresses self-control: action should be guided by a collected mind, not by chaos. Composure (samyama) is portrayed as a crucial discipline in war.

What is the narrative situation?

Kumbha, now poised to counterattack, calmly takes his bow and shoots fierce, body-tearing arrows into the battle.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Susaṃhati/samādhāna (composure, focused control) alongside martial skill.