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Shloka 36

दुन्दुभिवधप्रसङ्गः

The Dundubhi Episode and the Proof of Rama’s Prowess

यो हि मत्तं प्रमत्तं वा सुप्तं वा रहितं भृशम्।हन्यात्स भ्रूणहा लोके त्वद्विधं मदमोहितम्4.11.36।।

yo hi mattaṃ pramattaṃ vā suptaṃ vā rahitaṃ bhṛśam |

hanyāt sa bhrūṇahā loke tvadvidhaṃ madamohitam ||

Aquele que mata quem está bêbado, descuidado, adormecido ou totalmente desprevenido — estupefato pela embriaguez como tu — é neste mundo um assassino de uma criança por nascer.

yaḥwhoever
yaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootyad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormPronoun (सर्वनाम), Puṃliṅga (पुंलिङ्ग), Prathamā vibhakti (1st/प्रथमा), Ekavacana (एकवचन)
hiindeed
hi:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Roothi (अव्यय)
FormEmphatic particle (निपात)
mattamintoxicated (one)
mattam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeAdjective
Rootmatta (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga (पुंलिङ्ग) used generically, Dvitīyā vibhakti (2nd/द्वितीया), Ekavacana (एकवचन)
pramattamheedless (one)
pramattam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeAdjective
Rootpramatta (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Dvitīyā, Ekavacana
or
:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootvā (अव्यय)
FormDisjunctive particle (विकल्पबोधक अव्यय)
suptamsleeping (one)
suptam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeAdjective
Rootsupta (कृदन्त/प्रातिपदिक; √svap (धातु))
FormPuṃliṅga, Dvitīyā, Ekavacana; past participle (क्त) used adjectivally
or
:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootvā (अव्यय)
FormDisjunctive particle (विकल्पबोधक अव्यय)
rahitamdeprived / unprotected
rahitam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeAdjective
Rootrahita (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Dvitīyā, Ekavacana; adjectival 'devoid of' (often with instrumental/genitive understood)
bhṛśamexcessively
bhṛśam:
Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootbhṛśam (अव्यय)
FormAdverb (क्रियाविशेषण अव्यय)
hanyātshould kill
hanyāt:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√han (धातु)
FormVidhiliṅ lakāra (विधिलिङ्/optative), Prathama puruṣa (3rd person/प्रथम), Ekavacana (एकवचन); parasmaipada
saḥhe
saḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Roottad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormPronoun, Puṃliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana
bhrūṇahāembryo-slayer (heinous sinner)
bhrūṇahā:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootbhrūṇa + han (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; upapada-tatpuruṣa: bhrūṇam hanti iti (one who kills an embryo)
lokein the world
loke:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootloka (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Saptamī (7th/सप्तमी), Ekavacana
tvadvidhamone like you
tvadvidham:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeAdjective
Roottvad + vidha (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Dvitīyā, Ekavacana; tatpuruṣa: tvad-vidhaḥ (one like you)
madamohitamdeluded by intoxication/pride
madamohitam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeAdjective
Rootmada + mohita (कृदन्त/प्रातिपदिक; √muh (धातु))
FormPuṃliṅga, Dvitīyā, Ekavacana; tatpuruṣa: madena mohitaḥ (deluded by intoxication/pride)

'Whoever kills a person, who is drunk or is heedless or is asleep or without weapons or stupified by lust in this world, is equal to a killer of a foetus in the womb.'

D
Dundubhi
V
Vali

FAQs

Yuddha-dharma (ethics of combat): it is gravely sinful to kill an opponent who is incapacitated (drunk, asleep, unarmed, heedless). A fair fight requires awareness and readiness.

Dundubhi frames a moral constraint on killing the unready, while simultaneously insulting Vali as if he were intoxicated or deluded.

The ideal of fairness in battle—avoiding treachery and attacking only a prepared opponent.