Shloka 92

पम्पा

तीर-वर्णनम् / Rama’s Lament at Pampa and the Approach to Rishyamuka

Devanagari script

आह्वयन्त इवान्योन्यं नगाष्षट्पदनादिताः।कुसुमोत्तंसविटपाश्शोभन्ते बहु लक्ष्मण।।।।

Transliteration

āhvayanta ivānyonyaṃ nagāḥ ṣaṭpadanāditāḥ |

kusumottaṃsaviṭapāḥ śobhante bahu lakṣmaṇa ||

Translation

Ó Lakṣmaṇa, as árvores—ressoando com o zumbido das abelhas—brilham; seus ramos, coroados de flores, parecem chamar umas às outras.

Word by Word

• आह्वयन्तः: calling
• आह्वयन्तः: Karta (कर्ता; participial predicate)
• Type: Verb
• Root: आ-ह्वे (धातु)
• Form: कृदन्त (शतृ/Present active participle), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; agrees with नगाः

• इव: as if
• इव: N/A (Avyaya)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इव (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; comparison

• अन्योन्यम्: one another
• अन्योन्यम्: Karma (कर्म/Object of calling)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अन्योन्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; reciprocal pronoun used adverbially

• नगाः: trees
• नगाः: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: नग (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन

• षट्पद-नादिताः: resounding with bees’ hum
• षट्पद-नादिताः: Karta (कर्ता/Predicate adjective)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: षट्पद (प्रातिपदिक) + नादित (प्रातिपदिक/कृदन्त)
• Form: कृदन्त (क्त/PPP) from नादय्/नद् ‘to sound’; पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः (षट्पदानां नादिताः = sounded by bees)

• कुसुम-उत्तंस-विटपाः: trees/branches crowned with flowers
• कुसुम-उत्तंस-विटपाः: Karta (कर्ता/Subject; apposition to नगाः)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कुसुम (प्रातिपदिक) + उत्तंस (प्रातिपदिक) + विटप (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; बहुपद-तत्पुरुषः (कुसुमैः उत्तंसः यस्य सः—here used as ‘flower-crowned branches/trees’)

• शोभन्ते: shine, look splendid
• शोभन्ते: Kriya (क्रिया/Predicate)
• Type: Verb
• Root: शुभ् (धातु)
• Form: लट् (Present), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), बहुवचन; आत्मनेपद

• बहु: greatly, much
• बहु: N/A (Avyaya)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: बहु (अव्यय/प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: अव्यय; adverb (degree)

• लक्ष्मण: O Lakshmana
• लक्ष्मण: Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
• Type: Noun
• Root: लक्ष्मण (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन, एकवचन

Context

'The trees, crowned with flowers filled with humming bees, look splendid. It appears they are calling one another, O Lakshmana !

Characters & Entities

• Lakṣmaṇa

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Harmony in nature models dharma as mutual order and responsiveness; righteous life likewise “answers” and supports others rather than harming.

What is the narrative situation?

Rāma poetically describes the spring forest sounds and sights to Lakṣmaṇa during their Kishkindhā wanderings.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Sensitivity (sauhārda) and refined perception, paired with inner discipline.