Shloka 1

उत्पातदर्शनं खरसैन्यसमागमश्च

Omens of calamity and the approach of Khara’s army

Devanagari script

आश्रमं प्रति याते तु खरे खरपराक्रमे।तानेवौत्पातिकान्रामस्सह भ्रात्रा ददर्श ह।।।।

Transliteration

āśramaṃ prati yāte tu khare khara-parākrame | tān evautpātikān rāmaḥ saha bhrātrā dadarśa ha ||

Translation

Quando Khara, feroz em seu poder perverso, marchou em direção ao āśrama, Rāma também, com seu irmão, viu aqueles mesmos presságios de calamidade.

Word by Word

• tān: those
• tān: Karma (कर्म/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, बहुवचन

• utpātān: portents
• utpātān: Karma (कर्म/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: utpāta (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, बहुवचन

• mahoghorān: very dreadful
• mahoghorān: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण/Qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: mahā + ghora (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, बहुवचन; कर्मधारयः; विशेषण (utpātān)

• utthitān: arisen
• utthitān: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण/Qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: ud + sthā (स्था धातु) + kta (क्त-कृदन्त)
• Form: क्त-कृदन्त; पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, बहुवचन; विशेषण (utpātān)

• romaharṣaṇān: hair-raising
• romaharṣaṇān: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण/Qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: roma + harṣaṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, बहुवचन; तत्पुरुषः (‘causing hair-raising’)

• prajānām: of the people
• prajānām: Ṣaṣṭhī-sambandha (षष्ठी/Genitive relation)
• Type: Noun
• Root: prajā (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, षष्ठी, बहुवचन

• ahitān: harmful
• ahitān: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण/Qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: ahita (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, बहुवचन; विशेषण (utpātān)

• dṛṣṭvā: having seen
• dṛṣṭvā: Kāla (काल/Preceding action)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: dṛś (दृश् धातु) + ktvā (क्त्वा)
• Form: क्त्वान्त अव्यय (gerund); पूर्वकाल (‘having seen’)

• rāmaḥ: Rama
• rāmaḥ: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rāma (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• lakṣmaṇam: Lakshmana
• lakṣmaṇam: Karma (कर्म/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: lakṣmaṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• abravīt: said
• abravīt: Kriyā (क्रिया/Predicate)
• Type: Verb
• Root: brū (ब्रू धातु)
• Form: लङ् (Imperfect/Past), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपदम्

Context

Even before Sunset the twilight looked like a fresh wound. Then wild animals, birds, kankas, jackals and vultures facing towards Khara screeched, indicating danger.

Characters & Entities

• Khara
• Rāma
• Lakṣmaṇa
• hermitage (āśrama)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma involves truthful perception and readiness to protect the innocent. Rāma recognizes danger and prepares to uphold righteous order.

What is the narrative situation?

Khara advances toward the hermitage; Rāma and Lakṣmaṇa perceive the same ominous signs, indicating an imminent clash.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Protective responsibility—Rāma’s readiness to defend the āśrama and its dharmic life.