Shloka 23

The Glory of Bhārata-varṣa: Enumerating Mountains, Rivers, and Regions

Devanagari script

विदिशां कृष्णवेणां च ताम्रां च कपिलामपि । धेनुं सकामां वेदस्वां हविःस्रावां महापथाम्

Transliteration

vidiśāṃ kṛṣṇaveṇāṃ ca tāmrāṃ ca kapilāmapi | dhenuṃ sakāmāṃ vedasvāṃ haviḥsrāvāṃ mahāpathām

Translation

Também mencionou Vidiśā, Kṛṣṇaveṇā, Tāmra e Kapilā; e igualmente as vacas (sagradas) Sakāmā, Vedasvā, Haviḥsrāvā e Mahāpathā.

Word by Word

• विदिशाम्: Vidiśā (river-name)
• विदिशाम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: विदिशा (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, बहुवचन (as river-name in plural listing) / वैकल्पिकं: षष्ठी-बहुवचन ‘of Vidishā’; प्रसङ्गतः नाम-गणना

• कृष्णवेणाम्: Kṛṣṇaveṇā (river-name)
• कृष्णवेणाम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कृष्ण-वेणा (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: कर्मधारय: कृष्णा वेणा; स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय-अव्यय (conjunction)

• ताम्राम्: Tāmrā (copper-colored; river-name)
• ताम्राम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ताम्रा (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय-अव्यय (conjunction)

• कपिलाम्: Kapilā (tawny; river-name)
• कपिलाम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कपिला (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• अपि: also
• अपि: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अपि (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय/अपि-अव्यय (particle: also/even)

• धेनुम्: Dhenū (river-name)
• धेनुम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: धेनु (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• सकामाम्: desire-fulfilling / with wishes
• सकामाम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: स-कामा (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: उपपद-तत्पुरुष/सह-समास: कामेन सह/कामा युक्ता; स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; विशेषण

• वेदस्वाम्: Vedasvā (river-name)
• वेदस्वाम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वेदस्वा (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन (name)

• हविःस्रावाम्: Haviḥsrāvā (oblation-flowing; river-name)
• हविःस्रावाम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: हविः-स्रावा (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुष: हविः स्रवति/स्रावयति; स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• महापथाम्: Mahāpathā (great-path; river-name)
• महापथाम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: महा-पथा (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: कर्मधारय: महान् पथा/पन्थाः; स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन (name)

Speaker

Unspecified (verse is a catalog/list within the Svarga-khaṇḍa narrative)

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: adbhuta

Secondary Rasa: shanta

Geographic Context

Type: river

Sandhi Resolution Notes

Sandhi Resolution Notes: कपिलामपि = कपिलाम् + अपि (म् + अ → म).

Characters & Entities

• Vidiśā
• Kṛṣṇaveṇā
• Tāmra
• Kapilā
• Sakāmā
• Vedasvā
• Haviḥsrāvā
• Mahāpathā

FAQs

What does this verse reveal about the geography of sacred Tīrthas?

It functions as a catalog verse, preserving traditional names of revered places/rivers and associating them with a sacred topography remembered in Purāṇic literature.

How does this verse emphasize the path of Bhakti?

Indirectly: by mapping devotion onto sacred landscapes—rivers and tīrthas become supports for worship, vows, and remembrance, which are central practices in Purāṇic bhakti culture.

What is the ethical lesson from this dialogue?

The implied ethic is reverence for sacred spaces and traditions: remembering and honoring tīrthas (and sacred symbols like the dhenu) is presented as a meritorious, culture-preserving act.