Shloka 101

Yoga-Sleep, Cosmic Dissolution, and the Lotus of Creation

with Mārkaṇḍeya’s Vision

Devanagari script

चत्वार आश्रमाः सम्यग्यथापूर्वं विलोकिता । एवं वर्षशतं साग्रं मार्कंडेयेन धीमता

Transliteration

catvāra āśramāḥ samyagyathāpūrvaṃ vilokitā | evaṃ varṣaśataṃ sāgraṃ mārkaṃḍeyena dhīmatā

Translation

Assim, os quatro āśramas foram devidamente observados, conforme antes prescrito; desse modo, o sábio Mārkaṇḍeya viveu pouco mais de cem anos.

Word by Word

• चत्वारः: four
• चत्वारः: Viśeṣaṇa
• Type: Adjective
• Root: चतुर् (संख्याप्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), बहुवचन — masculine nominative plural (numeral)

• आश्रमाः: āśramas (stages/abodes)
• आश्रमाः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: आश्रम (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), बहुवचन — masculine nominative plural

• सम्यक्: properly
• सम्यक्: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: सम्यक् (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (क्रियाविशेषण) — properly, well

• यथा: as
• यथा: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: यथा (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय — as/according to

• पूर्वम्: formerly/as before
• पूर्वम्: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (Time)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: पूर्व (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: अव्यय (कालवाचक) — as before

• विलोकिताः: were observed
• विलोकिताः: Kriyā (Predicate; passive)
• Type: Verb
• Root: वि-लोक् (धातु) + क्त (कृत् प्रत्यय)
• Form: भूतकर्मणि कृदन्त (क्त-प्रत्ययान्त), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), बहुवचन — past passive participle: ‘were seen/observed’

• एवम्: thus
• एवम्: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एवम् (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (प्रकारवाचक) — thus, in this manner

• वर्षशतम्: a hundred years
• वर्षशतम्: Kāla-adhikaraṇa (Time extent)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वर्ष (प्रातिपदिक) + शत (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: द्विगुसमास (शतं वर्षाणाम्); नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन — neuter accusative singular (measure of time)

• साग्रम्: and more (with an excess)
• साग्रम्: Viśeṣaṇa
• Type: Adjective
• Root: स (उपसर्ग/अव्यय) + अग्र (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: अव्ययीभावसमास; नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन — ‘with an excess/and more’ qualifying ‘वर्षशतम्’

• मार्कण्डेयेन: by Mārkaṇḍeya
• मार्कण्डेयेन: Karta (Agent in passive/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मार्कण्डेय (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd), एकवचन — masculine instrumental singular

• धीमता: by the wise (one)
• धीमता: Viśeṣaṇa
• Type: Adjective
• Root: धीमत् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd), एकवचन — masculine instrumental singular qualifying ‘मार्कण्डेयेन’

Speaker

Narrator (contextual; specific speaker not explicit in this single verse)

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: adbhuta

Sandhi Resolution Notes

Sandhi Resolution Notes: सम्यग्यथापूर्वम् = सम्यक् + यथा + पूर्वम्; वर्षशतम् = वर्ष + शतम् (द्विगु); साग्रम् = स + अग्रम् (अव्ययीभाव).

Characters & Entities

• Mārkaṇḍeya

FAQs

What does this verse say about the four āśramas?

It states that the four āśramas (traditional stages of life) were followed correctly and in the proper prescribed order.

Who is associated with this observance in the verse?

The verse attributes this disciplined observance to the sage Mārkaṇḍeya, describing him as dhīmat (wise).

What ethical lesson is emphasized here?

The ethical teaching is steadiness in dharma: living according to established disciplines and life-stages with correctness and continuity.