Previous Verse

Shloka 76

अध्याय ५८ — वानरध्वजस्य महेन्द्रास्त्रप्रयोगः

Chapter 58: Arjuna’s Deployment of the Indra-Weapon

स तु लब्ध्वान्तरं तूर्णमपायाज्जवनैह्यै: । छिन्नवर्मध्वज: शूरो निकृत्त: परमेषुभि:

sa tu labdhvāntaraṃ tūṛṇam apāyāj javanaiḥ hayaiḥ | chinnavarma-dhvajaḥ śūro nikṛttaḥ parameṣubhiḥ ||

Disse Vaiśampāyana: Tendo encontrado uma abertura, retirou-se depressa, incitando seus cavalos velozes. A armadura e o estandarte do herói haviam sido despedaçados pelas melhores flechas de Arjuna, e ele próprio estava gravemente ferido; por isso, aproveitando o momento, fugiu daquele lugar. O episódio ressalta uma ética do campo de batalha: quando a capacidade de lutar foi decisivamente comprometida, escolhe-se a retirada tática para preservar a vida e a força para um confronto posterior mais conforme ao dharma, em vez de buscar uma destruição inútil.

सःhe
सः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तुbut/indeed
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
लब्ध्वाhaving obtained
लब्ध्वा:
TypeVerb
Rootलभ्
Formक्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage-neutral)
अन्तरम्an opening/opportunity
अन्तरम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअन्तर
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
तूर्णम्swiftly
तूर्णम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतूर्ण
अपायात्went away/fled
अपायात्:
TypeVerb
Rootअप + या
FormImperfect (लङ्), Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
जवनैःwith swift (horses)
जवनैः:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootजवन
FormMasculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Plural
हयैःwith horses
हयैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootहय
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
छिन्न-वर्म-ध्वजःwhose armor and banner were cut
छिन्न-वर्म-ध्वजः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootछिन्न + वर्मन् + ध्वज
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
शूरःthe hero/warrior
शूरः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootशूर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
निकृत्तःcut down/maimed
निकृत्तः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootनि + कृत्त (from √कृत्/√कृन्त् 'to cut')
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular, क्त (past passive participle)
परम-इषुभिःwith excellent arrows
परम-इषुभिः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootपरम + इषु
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural

वैशम्पायन उवाच

V
Vaiśampāyana
A
Arjuna
D
Droṇa
H
horses (haya)
A
armour (varma)
B
banner/standard (dhvaja)
A
arrows (iṣu)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights prudent conduct in war: when one is decisively disabled (armour and standard destroyed, body wounded), withdrawing at the right moment can be a legitimate kṣatriya tactic. It suggests that courage is not mere stubbornness; discernment and preservation of strength can align better with dharma than a futile last stand.

During the battle episode, Arjuna’s excellent arrows shatter the opponent’s armour and banner and inflict serious wounds. Seeing an opening, the wounded warrior quickly retreats by driving his swift horses away from the field.