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Shloka 19

Virāṭa-parva Adhyāya 54 — Missile-Exchange and Tactical Redirection

Arjuna, Aśvatthāman, Karṇa

तस्मिन्‌ हते भ्रातरि सूतपुत्रो वैकर्तनो वीर्यमथाददान: । प्रगृह् दन्ताविव नागराजो महर्षभं व्यात्र इवा भ्यधावत्‌,अपने भाई संग्रामजित्‌के मारे जानेपर सूतपुत्र कर्णने कुपित हो पराक्रम दिखानेकी इच्छासे अर्जुन और उत्तरपर इस प्रकार हठपूर्वक धावा किया, मानो कोई गजराज दो पर्ववशिखरोंसे भिड़ने चला हो अथवा कोई व्याप्र किसी महाबली साँड़पर टूट पड़ा हो

tasmin hate bhrātari sūtaputro vaikartano vīryam athādadānaḥ | pragṛhya dantāv iva nāgarājo maharṣabhaṃ vyāghra ivābhyadhāvat ||

Disse Vaiśaṃpāyana: Quando seu irmão foi abatido, Karṇa—filho do cocheiro, Vaikartana—ardendo de ira e desejoso de exibir sua valentia, investiu de frente contra Arjuna e Uttara. Avançou como um senhor dos elefantes, erguendo as presas para chocar-se contra picos de montanha, ou como um tigre que salta sobre um touro poderoso—imagem do ímpeto feroz da guerra, em que luto e lealdade se endurecem em violenta resolução.

तस्मिन्in that (situation/time)
तस्मिन्:
Adhikarana
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Locative, Singular
हतेwhen (he) was slain
हते:
Adhikarana
TypeParticiple
Rootहन्
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
भ्रातरिin/when (his) brother
भ्रातरि:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootभ्रातृ
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
सूतपुत्रःthe charioteer’s son (Karna)
सूतपुत्रः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसूतपुत्र
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
वैकर्तनःVaikartana (Karna)
वैकर्तनः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootवैकर्तन
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
वीर्यम्valor, prowess
वीर्यम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootवीर्य
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
अथthen
अथ:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअथ
आददानःtaking up, assuming
आददानः:
Karta
TypeParticiple
Rootदा (आ-दा)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
प्रगृह्यhaving seized/held (firmly)
प्रगृह्य:
TypeGerund
Rootग्रह् (प्र-ग्रह्)
दन्तान्tusks/teeth
दन्तान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootदन्त
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
इवas if, like
इव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइव
नागराजःking of elephants
नागराजः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootनागराज
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
महर्षभम्a great bull
महर्षभम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootमहर्षभ
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
व्याघ्रःa tiger
व्याघ्रः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootव्याघ्र
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
इवas if, like
इव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइव
अभ्यधावत्rushed upon, charged
अभ्यधावत्:
TypeVerb
Rootधाव् (अभि-धाव्)
FormImperfect (Lan), Third, Singular

वैशम्पायन उवाच

V
Vaiśaṃpāyana
K
Karṇa (Vaikartana, Sūtaputra)
A
Arjuna
U
Uttara
K
Karṇa's brother (Sangrāmajit, per Hindi gloss)
E
Elephant (nāgarāja)
T
Tiger (vyāghra)
B
Bull (ṛṣabha)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights how grief for a fallen kinsman can quickly transform into wrath and a thirst to prove oneself. Ethically, it illustrates a recurring Mahābhārata tension: personal loyalty and martial pride can intensify violence, even when dharma calls for restraint and discernment.

After Karṇa’s brother is killed, Karṇa becomes enraged and, seeking to demonstrate his valor, rushes to attack Arjuna and Uttara. The poet underscores the ferocity of his charge through vivid similes—an elephant with raised tusks and a tiger leaping on a powerful bull.