Shloka 3
कृप-अर्जुन रथयुद्धम्
Kṛpa–Arjuna Chariot Engagement
तेषां कालातिरेकेण ज्योतिषां च व्यतिक्रमात् । पञज्चमे पज्चमे वर्षे द्वौ मासावुपजायत:,इन पक्ष-मास आदिके समयके बढ़ने-घटनेसे और ग्रह-नक्षत्रोंकी गतिके व्यतिक्रमसे हर पाँचवें वर्षमें दो महीने अधिमासके बढ़ जाते हैं
teṣāṃ kālātirekeṇa jyotiṣāṃ ca vyatikramāt | pañcame pañcame varṣe dvau māsāv upajāyataḥ ||
Bhīṣma disse: Por causa do excesso ou da deficiência que surge na contagem do tempo, e porque os movimentos dos luminares não coincidem com perfeita exatidão, em cada quinto ano passam a existir dois meses adicionais (intercalares), restaurando a ordem do calendário.
भीष्म उवाच
Educational Q&A
Bhīṣma explains that timekeeping must account for astronomical discrepancy: when lunar and solar measures fall out of step, intercalary months arise to realign the calendar, preserving orderly observance of duties tied to proper timing.
In Bhīṣma’s discourse, he describes how variations in calendrical time and the non-uniform alignment of celestial motions lead to the periodic addition of extra months—an explanation of how traditional reckoning maintains consistency for rites and social order.