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Shloka 3

नलस्य दमयन्त्युत्सर्गः

Nala’s Abandonment of Damayantī in the Lodging Hall

कृत्वा मूत्रमुपस्पृश्य संध्यामन्वास्त नैषध: । अकृत्वा पादयो: शौचं तत्रैनं कलिराविशत्‌,राजा नल उस दिन लघुशंका करके आये और हाथ-मुँह धोकर आचमन करनेके पश्चात्‌ संध्योपासना करने बैठ गये; पैरोंको नहीं धोया। यह छिद्र देखकर कलियुग उनके भीतर प्रविष्ट हो गया

kṛtvā mūtram upaspṛśya sandhyām anvāsta naiṣadhaḥ | akṛtvā pādayoḥ śaucaṃ tatrainaṃ kalir āviśat ||

Depois de aliviar-se, o rei de Niṣadha realizou a purificação prescrita (ācamana) e sentou-se para a adoração do crepúsculo (sandhyā). Mas não lavou os pés. Aproveitando essa falha de pureza e disciplina, Kali encontrou uma brecha e entrou no rei Nala.

कृत्वाhaving done
कृत्वा:
TypeVerb
Rootकृ (धातु)
Formक्त्वा, कर्तरि, पूर्वकाल (absolutive)
मूत्रम्urination / urine (act/object)
मूत्रम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootमूत्र (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसक, द्वितीया, एकवचन
उपस्पृश्यhaving touched water / having performed ācamana (purificatory sipping)
उपस्पृश्य:
TypeVerb
Rootउपस्पृश् (धातु)
Formल्यप् (तुमुन्-समर्थ, gerund), कर्तरि, पूर्वकाल (absolutive)
संध्याम्the twilight prayer (sandhyā)
संध्याम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसंध्या (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्री, द्वितीया, एकवचन
अन्वास्तsat down / took his seat (for)
अन्वास्त:
TypeVerb
Rootआस् (धातु) + अनु (उपसर्ग)
Formलिट् (परस्मैपद), परोक्षभूत (perfect), प्रथम, एकवचन
नैषधःthe Niṣadha king (Nala)
नैषधः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootनैषध (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुं, प्रथमा, एकवचन
अकृत्वाwithout doing
अकृत्वा:
TypeVerb
Rootकृ (धातु)
Formक्त्वा (निषेध), कर्तरि, पूर्वकाल (absolutive), negative
पादयोःof (his) two feet
पादयोः:
TypeNoun
Rootपाद (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुं, षष्ठी, द्विवचन
शौचम्cleansing / purification
शौचम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootशौच (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसक, द्वितीया, एकवचन
तत्रthere
तत्र:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतत्र
एनम्him
एनम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootएतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुं, द्वितीया, एकवचन
कलिःKali (the personified evil age)
कलिः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकलि (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुं, प्रथमा, एकवचन
आविशत्entered
आविशत्:
TypeVerb
Rootविश् (धातु) + आ (उपसर्ग)
Formलङ्, भूत (imperfect), प्रथम, एकवचन

ब॒हृदश्चव उवाच

B
Bṛhadaśva
N
Nala (Naiṣadha)
K
Kali
S
Sandhyā (twilight worship)

Educational Q&A

Even a small lapse in śauca and self-discipline can become an opening for adharma: negligence in basic purity while performing sacred duties is portrayed as a moral vulnerability that invites destructive forces (here personified as Kali).

Bṛhadaśva narrates that King Nala, after urinating, performed ācamana and sat for sandhyā worship but failed to wash his feet; Kali exploits this flaw and enters Nala, setting in motion Nala’s ensuing downfall.