Shloka 23
कृतयुगवर्णनम् तथा राजधर्मोपदेशः
Kṛtayuga Description and Instruction on Royal Dharma
तस्य तावच्छती संध्या संध्यांशक्ष तथाविध: । चार हजार दिव्य वर्षोका एक सत्ययुग बताया गया है, उतने ही सौ वर्ष उसकी संध्या और संध्यांशके होते हैं (इस प्रकार कुल अड़तालीस सौ दिव्य वर्ष सत्ययुगके हैं) ।। २२३ || त्रीणि वर्षसहस्राणि त्रेतायुगमिहोच्यते
tasya tāvacchatī sandhyā sandhyāṁśaś ca tathāvidhaḥ | catvāri sahasrāṇi divya-varṣāṇi ekaṁ satya-yugam ucyate, utāni eva śata-varṣāṇi tasya sandhyā-sandhyāṁśayoḥ (evaṁ kulaṁ catuḥśatāṣṭaśatāni divya-varṣāṇi satya-yugasya) || trīṇi varṣa-sahasrāṇi tretā-yugam iha ucyate ||
Vaiśaṃpāyana disse: “O crepúsculo de junção (sandhyā) dessa era dura cem anos (divinos), e o seu crepúsculo final (sandhyāṃśa) tem a mesma medida. Assim, declara-se que um Satya Yuga é de quatro mil anos divinos, com cem anos divinos acrescentados na junção inicial e cem na final—totalizando quatro mil e oitocentos anos divinos. Depois disso, afirma-se aqui que o Tretā Yuga dura três mil anos divinos.”
वैशम्पायन उवाच
Educational Q&A
The passage teaches the traditional Purāṇic/Mahābhārata framework of cosmic time: each yuga has a main span plus transitional junctions (sandhyā and sandhyāṃśa). Satya Yuga is defined as 4000 divine years plus 100+100 for its junctions, and Tretā Yuga is introduced as 3000 divine years, implying a graded decrease across ages.
Vaiśaṃpāyana is explaining to his listener the measured durations of the world-ages (yugas). He completes the calculation for Satya Yuga by adding its opening and closing junction periods, then begins stating the duration of the next age, Tretā Yuga.