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Shloka 29

Karma, Preta-gati, and the Continuity of Phala

Mārkaṇḍeya’s Instruction

एवं वै सुखदु:खाभ्यां हीनमस्ति पद क्वचित्‌ | एषा मम मति: सर्प यथा वा मन्यते भवान्‌,अब तुमने जो यह कहा कि सुख-दुःखसे रहित कोई दूसरा वेद्य तत्त्व है ही नहीं, सो तुम्हारा यह मत ठीक है। सुख-दुःखसे शून्य कोई पदार्थ नहीं है। किंतु एक ऐसा पद है भी। जिस प्रकार बर्फमें उष्णता और अग्निमें शीतलता कहीं नहीं रहती, उसी प्रकार जो वेद्य-पद है, वह वास्तवमें सुख-दुःखसे रहित ही है। नागराज! मेरा तो यही विचार है, फिर आप जैसा मानें

evaṁ vai sukha-duḥkhābhyāṁ hīnam asti pada kvacit | eṣā mama matiḥ sarpa yathā vā manyate bhavān |

Disse Yudhiṣṭhira: “De fato, haverá em algum lugar um estado totalmente desprovido de prazer e dor? Este é o meu entendimento, ó serpente — mas seja como tu julgares. Na experiência comum, nada se encontra inteiramente vazio de felicidade e tristeza; e, no entanto, fala-se de um ‘estado’ que verdadeiramente está além de ambos. Assim como não há calor no gelo, nem frescor no fogo, assim esse supremo estado cognoscível é, em verdade, livre de prazer e dor. Esta é minha opinião ponderada, ó senhor das serpentes; decide como quiseres.”

एवम्thus, in this way
एवम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएवम्
वैindeed, surely
वै:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवै
सुखदुःखाभ्याम्by/with pleasure and pain
सुखदुःखाभ्याम्:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootसुख-दुःख
Formneuter, instrumental, dual
हीनम्devoid (of)
हीनम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootहीन
Formneuter, nominative, singular
अस्तिis/exists
अस्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootअस्
Formpresent, 3, singular, parasmaipada
पदstate/position/footing (padam)
पद:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपद
Formneuter, nominative, singular
क्वचित्somewhere, at any time/anywhere
क्वचित्:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootक्वचित्
एषाthis
एषा:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
Formfeminine, nominative, singular
ममof me, my
मम:
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
Formgenitive, singular
मतिःopinion, thought
मतिः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमति
Formfeminine, nominative, singular
सर्पO serpent
सर्प:
TypeNoun
Rootसर्प
Formmasculine, vocative, singular
यथाas, just as
यथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथा
वाor
वा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा
मन्यतेthinks, considers
मन्यते:
TypeVerb
Rootमन्
Formpresent, 3, singular, ātmanepada
भवान्you (honorific)
भवान्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootभवत्
Formmasculine, nominative, singular

युधिछिर उवाच

Y
Yudhiṣṭhira
S
Sarpa (serpent/Nāga interlocutor)

Educational Q&A

Yudhiṣṭhira distinguishes ordinary lived experience—where pleasure and pain seem inseparable—from the possibility of a highest knowable state (pada) that is genuinely beyond both. The verse frames liberation-like freedom as a qualitative transcendence, illustrated by the analogy that heat cannot exist in ice and coolness cannot exist in fire.

In a philosophical exchange in the Vana Parva, Yudhiṣṭhira addresses a serpent (Nāga), presenting his reasoned position about whether any ‘state’ exists that is free from sukha and duḥkha, while courteously allowing the interlocutor to judge the matter.