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Shloka 13

सोमक–जन्तु उपाख्यानम्

Somaka–Jantu Exemplar: The Quest for a Hundred Sons

उस समय सोमकने कहा--इस संसारमें किसी पुरुषके एक ही पुत्रका होना धिक्‍्कारका विषय है। एक पुत्र होनेकी अपेक्षा तो पुत्रहीन रह जाना ही अच्छा है। एक ही संतान हो तो सब प्राणी उसके लिये सदा आकुल-व्याकुल रहते हैं, अतः एक पुत्रका होना शोक ही है ।। इदं भार्याशतं ब्रह्मन्‌ परीक्ष्य सदृशं प्रभो । पुत्रार्थिना मया वोढं न तासां विद्यते प्रजा,ब्रह्मन! मैंने अच्छी तरह जाँच-बूझकर पुत्रकी इच्छासे अपने योग्य सौ स्त्रियोंके साथ विवाह किया, किंतु उनके कोई संतान नहीं हुई

Somaka uvāca—dhig eko 'pi putro loke; putrahīnatvam eva varam. ekasmin putre sati sarve prāṇinaḥ tasyaiva kṛte nityaṃ ākulavyākulā bhavanti; ato 'yaṃ eko putraḥ śokahetur eva. idaṃ bhāryāśataṃ brahman parīkṣya sadṛśaṃ prabho, putrārthinā mayā voḍhaṃ na tāsāṃ vidyate prajā.

Somaka disse: “Neste mundo, que um homem tenha apenas um filho é motivo de censura; melhor é permanecer sem filhos do que ter só um. Quando há apenas uma criança, todos vivem sempre inquietos por causa dela; por isso, um único filho é tristeza. Ó brâmane! Depois de examinar bem, desejoso de filhos, casei-me com cem esposas adequadas; contudo nenhuma delas me deu descendência.”

इदम्this
इदम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
भार्या-शतम्a hundred wives
भार्या-शतम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootभार्या + शत
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
ब्रह्मन्O Brahmin
ब्रह्मन्:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootब्रह्मन्
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
परीक्ष्यhaving examined
परीक्ष्य:
Karana
TypeVerb
Rootपरि-ईक्ष्
FormAbsolutive (ktvā/lyap), Active
सदृशम्suitable, fitting
सदृशम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootसदृश
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
प्रभोO lord
प्रभो:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootप्रभु
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
पुत्र-अर्थिनाby me desiring a son
पुत्र-अर्थिना:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootपुत्र + अर्थिन्
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
मयाby me
मया:
Karana
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
FormInstrumental, Singular
वःof you (your)
वः:
Sampradana
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
FormGenitive, Plural
ऊढम्married/taken (in marriage)
ऊढम्:
Karma
TypeVerb
Rootवह्
FormPast passive participle (kta), Neuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular, Passive
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
तासाम्of those (women)
तासाम्:
Adhikarana
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormFeminine, Genitive, Plural
विद्यतेexists/is found
विद्यते:
TypeVerb
Rootविद्
FormPresent, Atmanepada, Third, Singular
प्रजाoffspring, progeny
प्रजा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootप्रजा
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
ब्रह्मन्O Brahmin
ब्रह्मन्:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootब्रह्मन्
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

सोमक उवाच

S
Somaka
A
a Brahman (addressed interlocutor)
H
hundred wives (bhāryāśatam)
A
a single son (ekaḥ putraḥ)
O
offspring/progeny (prajā)

Educational Q&A

Somaka frames excessive attachment to a single heir as a source of constant anxiety and grief, suggesting that the fear of losing the only child can outweigh the joy of having one. The verse highlights how desire for lineage (putrārtha) can generate suffering when it becomes an obsession.

Somaka speaks to a Brahman, lamenting that having only one son is perilous and sorrowful. He then explains his own predicament: despite marrying a hundred carefully chosen wives in hopes of sons, he has obtained no offspring.