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Shloka 13

Sanatsujāta–Dhṛtarāṣṭra Saṃvāda: Pramāda as Mṛtyu

Chapter 42

तपोमूलमिदं सर्व यन्मां पृच्छसि क्षत्रिय । तपसा वेददविद्वांस: परं त्वमृतमाप्तुयु:,राजन्‌! तुम जिस (तपस्या)-के विषयमें मुझसे पूछ रहे हो, यह तपस्या ही सारे जगतका मूल है; वेदवेत्ता विद्वान इस (निष्काम) तपसे ही परम अमृत मोक्षको प्राप्त होते हैं

tapo-mūlam idaṁ sarvaṁ yan māṁ pṛcchasi kṣatriya | tapasā veda-vidvāṁsaḥ paraṁ tv amṛtam āptuyuḥ ||

Sanatsujāta disse: “Ó kṣatriya, aquilo sobre o que me perguntas tem a austeridade (tapas) como sua própria raiz; de fato, a austeridade é o fundamento de tudo isto. Por tal tapas, os conhecedores do Veda — verdadeiros sábios — alcançam o supremo estado ‘imortal’, a mais alta libertação.”

तपोमूलम्having austerity as its root / rooted in tapas
तपोमूलम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootतपोमूल (तपस् + मूल)
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
इदम्this
इदम्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
सर्वम्all (entire)
सर्वम्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसर्व
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
यत्which (that which)
यत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
माम्me
माम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
Form—, Accusative, Singular
पृच्छसिyou ask
पृच्छसि:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootप्रच्छ्
FormPresent, Second, Singular, Parasmaipada
क्षत्रियO kshatriya
क्षत्रिय:
TypeNoun
Rootक्षत्रिय
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
तपसाby/through austerity
तपसा:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootतपस्
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
वेदविदःknowers of the Veda
वेदविदः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootवेदविद् (वेद + विद्)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
विद्वांसःlearned men
विद्वांसः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootविद्वस्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
परम्supreme
परम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootपर
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
तुindeed/but
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
अमृतम्immortality / nectar (here: moksha)
अमृतम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअमृत
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
आप्तुयुःthey attained
आप्तुयुः:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootआप्
FormPerfect, Third, Plural, Parasmaipada
राजन्O king
राजन्:
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

सनत्युजात उवाच

S
Sanatsujāta
K
Kṣatriya (the king addressed, i.e., Dhṛtarāṣṭra in context)
V
Veda-knowers (veda-vidvāṁsaḥ)

Educational Q&A

Sanatsujāta teaches that tapas—disciplined self-restraint and spiritual effort—is the foundational means for the highest good; through such tapas, true Veda-knowers attain the supreme deathless state (amṛta), i.e., liberation.

In the Sanatsujātīya dialogue within Udyoga Parva, Sanatsujāta responds to the king’s inquiry about the highest truth and the way beyond death, emphasizing tapas as the root-principle leading to mokṣa.