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Shloka 38

Sanatsujāta-Āhvāna (Summoning Sanatsujāta) — Vidura’s Invocation and Dhṛtarāṣṭra’s Doubt

अश्रान्त: स्यादनादाता सम्मतो निरुपद्रव: । शिष्टो न शिष्टवत्‌ स स्याद्‌ ब्राह्माणो ब्रह्मवित्‌ कवि:

aśrāntaḥ syād anādātā sammato nirupadravaḥ | śiṣṭo na śiṣṭavat sa syād brāhmaṇo brahmavit kaviḥ ||

Diz Sanatsujāta: Um verdadeiro brāhmaṇa é aquele que não se cansa de cumprir o que deve ser feito, que não aceita dádivas, que é honrado entre os virtuosos e permanece livre de causar ou atrair dano; e que—embora genuinamente culto—não anuncia o seu refinamento. Tal pessoa é conhecedora de Brahman e um sábio vidente.

अश्रान्तःunwearied, untiring
अश्रान्तः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअश्रान्त
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
स्यात्should be / may be
स्यात्:
TypeVerb
Rootअस्
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
अनादाताone who does not accept (gifts)
अनादाता:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअनादातृ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
सम्मतःapproved, respected
सम्मतः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसम्मत
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
निरुपद्रवःfree from disturbance/harm
निरुपद्रवः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootनिरुपद्रव
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
शिष्टःcultured, well-behaved
शिष्टः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootशिष्ट
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
शिष्टवत्like a (self-advertising) cultured person; ostentatiously
शिष्टवत्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootशिष्टवत्
सःhe
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
स्यात्should be / may be
स्यात्:
TypeVerb
Rootअस्
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
ब्राह्मणःa Brahmin
ब्राह्मणः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootब्राह्मण
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
ब्रह्मवित्knower of Brahman
ब्रह्मवित्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootब्रह्मविद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
कविःsage/poet, wise man
कविः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकवि
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

सनत्युजात उवाच

S
Sanatsujāta
B
brāhmaṇa
B
Brahman

Educational Q&A

The verse defines brahminical excellence as ethical steadiness and inner realization: tireless commitment to duty, refusal to live by taking gifts, being respected by the good, harmlessness (being free from causing/meeting upadrava), and genuine refinement without self-display—culminating in being a brahmavit and kavi (a realized, discerning sage).

In the Udyoga Parva, Sanatsujāta instructs (in a didactic setting) on higher dharma and spiritual wisdom. Here he characterizes the true brāhmaṇa not by birth or outward markers but by conduct, restraint, and realized knowledge of Brahman.