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Shloka 18

Ārjava, Satya, and the Virocana–Sudhanvan Exemplum

Udyoga-parva 35

दुःशासनस्तूपहतो 5$भिशस्तो नावर्तते मन्युवशात्‌ कृतघ्न: । न कस्यचिन्मित्रमथो दुरात्मा कलाश्रैता अधमस्येह पुंस:,जिसका शासन अत्यन्त कठोर हो, जो अनेक दोषोंसे दूषित हो, कलंकित हो, जो क्रोधवश किसीकी बुराई करनेसे नहीं हटता हो, दूसरोंके किये हुए उपकारको नहीं मानता हो, जिसकी किसीके साथ मित्रता नहीं हो तथा जो दुरात्मा हो--ये अधम पुरुषके भेद हैं

duḥśāsanas tūpahato'bhīśasto nāvartate manyuvaśāt kṛtaghnaḥ | na kasyacin mitram atho durātmā kalāśraitā adhamasyeha puṁsaḥ ||

Disse o Cisne: «Aquele que é como Duḥśāsana—violento e opressor, censurado e desonrado—não desiste da difamação quando é levado pela ira. Ingrato pelos benefícios recebidos, sem amigos e corrompido por dentro, apega-se a artes vis e a caminhos tortuosos. Estes são os sinais pelos quais se reconhece, neste mundo, um homem vil.»

दुःशासनःone of harsh rule/discipline (harsh-ruler)
दुःशासनः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदुःशासन
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तुbut/indeed
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
उपहतःstruck/afflicted
उपहतः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootउप-हन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular, क्त (past passive participle)
अभिशस्तःreviled/accused/censured
अभिशस्तः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअभि-शंस्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular, क्त (past passive participle)
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
आवर्ततेturns back/desists
आवर्तते:
TypeVerb
Rootआ-वृत्
FormPresent, 3rd, Singular, Atmanepada
मन्युवशात्from being under the sway of anger
मन्युवशात्:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootमन्युवश
FormMasculine, Ablative, Singular
कृतघ्नःungrateful
कृतघ्नः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootकृतघ्न
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
कस्यचित्of anyone
कस्यचित्:
TypePronoun
Root
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular
मित्रम्friend
मित्रम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमित्र
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
अथand/then
अथ:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअथ
दुरात्माevil-souled person
दुरात्मा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदुरात्मन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
कलाश्रैताone who resorts to blemish/stain (calumny)
कलाश्रैता:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootकलाश्रयिन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अधमस्यof the lowest/base (man)
अधमस्य:
TypeAdjective
Rootअधम
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
इहhere/in this world
इह:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइह
पुंसःof a man/person
पुंसः:
TypeNoun
Rootपुम्स्
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular

हंस उवाच

हंस (Haṁsa, the swan)
दुःशासन (Duḥśāsana)

Educational Q&A

A person becomes ‘adhama’ (vile) through recognizable ethical failures: acting under anger, persisting in blame and harm, denying gratitude, lacking genuine friendship, and relying on deceitful or base ‘arts’ rather than dharmic conduct.

In a didactic passage spoken by the Haṁsa, Duḥśāsana is cited as an example to define the traits of a morally degraded person, using his reputation to warn against anger-driven malice, ingratitude, and corrupt companionship.