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Shloka 8

Udyoga-parva Adhyāya 3 — Sātyaki on Inner Disposition, Legitimacy, and Coercive Readiness

निकृत्या जितवन्तस्ते कि नु तेषां परं शुभम्‌ । कथं प्रणिपतेच्चायमिह कृत्वा पणं परम्‌,यदि भाइयोंसहित कुन्तीनन्दन युधिष्ठिर अपने घरपर जूआ खेलते होते और ये कौरव वहाँ जाकर उन्हें हरा देते, तो यह उनकी धर्मपूर्वक विजय कही जा सकती थी। परंतु उन्होंने सदा क्षत्रियधर्ममें तत्पर रहनेवाले राजा युधिष्ठिरको बुलाकर छल और कपटसे उन्हें पराजित किया है। क्या यही उनका परम कल्याणमय कर्म कहा जा सकता है? ये राजा युधिष्ठिर अपनी वनवासविषयक प्रतिज्ञा तो पूर्ण ही कर चुके हैं, अब किस लिये उनके आगे मस्तक झुकायें--क्यों प्रणाम अथवा विनय करें?

nikṛtyā jitavantaste ki nu teṣāṃ paraṃ śubham | kathaṃ praṇipateccāyam iha kṛtvā paṇaṃ param ||

Disse Vaiśampāyana: “Eles venceram por meio da fraude—que bem supremo poderia advir-lhes disso? E como poderia este homem aqui inclinar-se, depois de ter cumprido a mais alta aposta do jogo? Se Yudhiṣṭhira, filho de Kuntī, tivesse sido derrotado numa partida lícita em sua própria casa, isso poderia ser chamado de vitória justa. Mas eles convocaram o rei, sempre voltado ao dharma, e o venceram com artimanhas e engodo. Pode tal ato ser chamado de seu maior benefício? E, tendo o rei Yudhiṣṭhira já cumprido o voto de exílio na floresta, por que razão haveria agora de baixar a cabeça em submissão—por que oferecer saudações ou deferência?”

निकृत्याby deceit/treachery
निकृत्या:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootनिकृति
FormFeminine, Instrumental, Singular
जितवन्तःhaving conquered; having won
जितवन्तः:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootजि
Formक्तवत् (past active participle), Masculine, Nominative, Plural
तेthey; those (people)
ते:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
किम्what?
किम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootकिम्
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
नुindeed; then; pray (interrogative particle)
नु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootनु
तेषाम्of them
तेषाम्:
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Plural
परम्highest; supreme
परम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootपर
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
शुभम्good; auspiciousness; welfare
शुभम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootशुभ
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
कथम्how?
कथम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootकथम्
प्रणिपतेत्should bow down; should prostrate
प्रणिपतेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootप्र-नम्
FormOptative (विधिलिङ्), Potential, 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अयम्this (man); he
अयम्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
इहhere
इह:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइह
कृत्वाhaving done; having made
कृत्वा:
TypeVerb
Rootकृ
Formक्त्वा (absolutive), Active
पणम्stake; wager
पणम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपण
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
परम्great; extreme; highest
परम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootपर
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
यदिif
यदि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयदि

वैशम्पायन उवाच

V
Vaiśampāyana
Y
Yudhiṣṭhira
K
Kuntī
K
Kauravas

Educational Q&A

Victory gained through deceit is ethically hollow and cannot be called true welfare (śubha). The verse questions the moral legitimacy of the Kauravas’ success and implies that dharma, not mere outcome, determines the worth of an action.

In the Udyoga Parva context, the speaker reflects on the earlier dice episode: Yudhiṣṭhira was summoned and defeated by trickery rather than in a fair contest. Since he has already fulfilled the exile-related stake of that wager, the verse asks why he should now show submission or bow to those who won by fraud.