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Shloka 3

Adharmic Victory as Unstable; Rules of Restraint, Mediation, and Conciliation (अधर्मविजय-अध्रुवत्व तथा क्षमा-नयः)

विशीर्णकवचं चैव तवास्मीति च वादिनम्‌ | कृताञ्जलिं न्यस्तशस्त्रं गृहीत्वा न हि हिंसयेत्‌,जिसका कवच छिजत्न-भिन्न हो गया हो, जो “मैं आपका ही हूँ ऐसा कह रहा हो और हाथ जोड़े खड़ा हो अथवा जिसने हथियार रख दिये हों, ऐसे विपक्षी योद्धाको कैद करके मारे नहीं

viśīrṇakavacaṃ caiva tavāsmīti ca vādinaṃ | kṛtāñjaliṃ nyastaśastraṃ gṛhītvā na hi hiṃsayet |

Bhishma disse: “Não se deve abater um guerreiro adversário depois de tê-lo feito prisioneiro—se sua armadura foi despedaçada, se ele declara ‘sou teu’, se permanece com as mãos postas em rendição, ou se depôs as armas. A guerra deve permanecer regida pelo dharma: uma vez desarmado ou tendo buscado proteção, a violência contra ele torna-se ilícita.”

विशीर्णकवचम्one whose armor is shattered
विशीर्णकवचम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootविशीर्ण-कवच
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
एवindeed/just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
तवof you/your
तव:
Sampradana
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
Form—, Genitive, Singular
अस्मिI am
अस्मि:
TypeVerb
Rootअस्
FormPresent, First, Singular
इतिthus (quotative)
इति:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
वादिनम्one who says/speaks
वादिनम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootवादिन्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
कृताञ्जलिम्with hands joined (in supplication)
कृताञ्जलिम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootकृत-अञ्जलि
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
न्यस्तशस्त्रम्having laid down weapons
न्यस्तशस्त्रम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootन्यस्त-शस्त्र
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
गृहीत्वाhaving seized/taken (captive)
गृहीत्वा:
TypeVerb
Rootग्रह्
FormAbsolutive (Gerund), —, —
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
हिindeed/for
हि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि
हिंसयेत्should harm/kill
हिंसयेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootहिंस्
FormOptative (Potential), Third, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

कवच (armor)
शस्त्र (weapons)
अञ्जलि (joined palms gesture)

Educational Q&A

Even in war, dharma restrains violence: a disarmed, armor-broken, supplicating, or surrendering opponent—especially one seeking protection (“I am yours”)—must not be killed, even if captured.

Bhishma is instructing on righteous conduct (dharma) in battle, specifying conditions under which an enemy combatant is no longer a legitimate target: when he is helpless, has surrendered, or has laid down arms.