Shloka 40

सत्यं पालयति प्रीत्या नित्यं भूमिं प्रयच्छति । पूजयेदतिथीन्‌ भृत्यान्‌ स राज्ञो धर्म उच्यते,राजा जो प्रेमपूर्वक सत्यका पालन करता है, प्रतिदिन भूदान देता है और अतिथियों तथा भरण-पोषणके योग्य व्यक्तियोंका सत्कार करता है, वह राजाका धर्म कहलाता है

satyaṁ pālayati prītyā nityaṁ bhūmiṁ prayacchati | pūjayed atithīn bhṛtyān sa rājño dharma ucyate ||

Utathya declara: Este é o verdadeiro dharma de um rei: com boa vontade ele sustenta a verdade, dia após dia doa terras em caridade, e honra os hóspedes e aqueles que dele dependem para seu sustento. Tal conduta—veracidade, generosidade e cuidado respeitoso—é o que se chama o dever justo de um governante.

सत्यम्truth
सत्यम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसत्य
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
पालयतिprotects/observes (keeps)
पालयति:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootपाल्
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada, Active
प्रीत्याwith affection; gladly
प्रीत्या:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootप्रीति
FormFeminine, Instrumental, Singular
नित्यम्always; daily
नित्यम्:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootनित्य
भूमिम्land; earth
भूमिम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootभूमि
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
प्रयच्छतिgives; bestows
प्रयच्छति:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootप्र-यम्
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada, Active
पूजयेत्should honor; should worship
पूजयेत्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootपूज्
FormOptative, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada, Active
अतिथीन्guests
अतिथीन्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअतिथि
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
भृत्यान्dependents/servants (those to be maintained)
भृत्यान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootभृत्य
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
सःhe; that (one)
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
राज्ञःof the king
राज्ञः:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
धर्मःduty; righteous conduct
धर्मः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उच्यतेis said; is called
उच्यते:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Atmanepada, Passive

उतथ्य उवाच

U
Utathya
K
king (rājā)
G
guests (atithi)
D
dependents/retainers (bhṛtya)
L
land (bhūmi)

Educational Q&A

A ruler’s dharma is defined by ethical governance: steadfast truthfulness, continual generosity (especially land-gifts), and respectful hospitality and care for guests and dependents.

In the Śānti Parva’s instruction on royal conduct, the sage Utathya states a concise standard for kingship, describing the behaviors by which a king is recognized as righteous.