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Shloka 32

राजधर्मः—प्रमादवर्जनं, दण्डनीतिः, दुर्बलरक्षणम्

Royal Dharma: Vigilance, Just Punishment, Protection of the Vulnerable

त्रायते हि यदा सर्व वाचा कायेन कर्मणा । पुत्रस्थापि न मृष्येच्च स राज्ञो धर्म उच्यते,जब वह मन, वाणी और शरीरके द्वारा सबकी रक्षा करता है और पुत्रके भी अपराधको क्षमा नहीं करता, तब उसका वह बर्ताव भी 'राजाका धर्म” कहा जाता है

trāyate hi yadā sarvaṁ vācā kāyena karmaṇā | putrasthāpi na mṛṣyec ca sa rājño dharma ucyate ||

Disse Utatthya: Quando um rei protege a todos—por sua palavra, por sua conduta corporal e por seus atos—e, mesmo no caso de seu próprio filho, não tolera a transgressão, esse modo de agir é chamado o dharma do rei. O verso apresenta o dever real como tutela imparcial: a compaixão se expressa na proteção de todos, e a justiça em não desculpar o crime por laços de sangue.

त्रायतेprotects
त्रायते:
TypeVerb
Rootत्रा (धातु)
FormLat, Ātmanepada, 3, Singular, Present
हिindeed/for
हि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि
यदाwhen
यदा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयदा
सर्वम्all (everyone/everything)
सर्वम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootसर्व
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
वाचाby speech
वाचा:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootवाच्
FormFeminine, Instrumental, Singular
कायेनby the body
कायेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootकाय
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
कर्मणाby action/deed
कर्मणा:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootकर्मन्
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
पुत्रस्यof (his) son
पुत्रस्य:
TypeNoun
Rootपुत्र
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
अपिeven/also
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
मृष्येत्should tolerate/forgive
मृष्येत्:
TypeVerb
Rootमृष् (धातु)
FormVidhi-lin, Parasmaipada, 3, Singular, Optative
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
सःhe/that (king)
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
राज्ञःof the king
राज्ञः:
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
धर्मःduty/law (dharma)
धर्मः:
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उच्यतेis said/called
उच्यते:
TypeVerb
Rootवच् (धातु)
FormLat, Ātmanepada, 3, Singular, Present, Passive

उतथ्य उवाच

U
Utathya
K
king (rājā)
S
son (putra)

Educational Q&A

Royal dharma requires two complementary virtues: universal protection of the people (through word, conduct, and action) and impartial justice, meaning a ruler must not excuse wrongdoing even when committed by his own son.

In a discourse on rājadharma in the Śānti Parva, Utathya defines the king’s proper conduct: he must act as protector of all and uphold law without nepotism, presenting this as the standard of righteous kingship.