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Shloka 53

Treasury Security, Protection of Informants, and the Kalakavṛkṣīya Exemplum (Śānti Parva 83)

कच्चिज्जितेन्द्रियो राजा कच्चिदस्यान्तरा जिता:,क्या इस देशके राजा जितेन्द्रिय हैं? क्या इनके अंदर रहनेवाले सेवक इनके वशरभें हैं? क्या यहाँकी प्रजाओंका राजापर प्रेम है? और राजा भी क्‍या अपनी प्रजाओंपर प्रेम रखते हैं? नृपश्रेष्ठ! इन्हीं सब बातोंको जाननेकी इच्छासे मैं आपके यहाँ आया था

kaccij jitendriyo rājā kaccid asyāntarā jitāḥ

Bhishma disse: “O rei deste país é senhor de si, tendo vencido os sentidos? E aqueles que vivem no interior do seu reino—seu círculo íntimo de servidores e oficiais—estão de fato submetidos pela disciplina e pela lealdade?” Com essas perguntas, Bhishma sonda os alicerces éticos da realeza: o domínio do desejo e da ira pelo governante e a integridade dos que o servem; sem isso, o afeto entre rei e súditos e a estabilidade do governo não podem perdurar.

कच्चित्whether?, I hope
कच्चित्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootकच्चित्
जितेन्द्रियःself-controlled (having conquered the senses)
जितेन्द्रियः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootजितेन्द्रिय
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
राजाking
राजा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
कच्चित्whether?, I hope
कच्चित्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootकच्चित्
अस्यof him/this (king/realm)
अस्य:
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular
अन्तराःthose within; insiders (attendants/servants)
अन्तराः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअन्तर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
जिताःconquered; subdued
जिताः:
TypeAdjective
Rootजित
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
R
rājā (the king)

Educational Q&A

A kingdom’s welfare depends first on the ruler’s self-mastery (jitendriyatā) and then on the discipline and reliability of those closest to power; ethical governance begins with inner conquest before outward rule.

Bhīṣma, speaking on principles of rājadharma, frames a set of diagnostic questions about a king’s character and the conduct of his inner circle, as a way to assess whether the realm is governed with stability, loyalty, and moral restraint.