Shloka 17
राजा-दैवतत्वम् — The King as a Stabilizing ‘Daivata’ (Divine Function) in Social Order
अराजका:ः प्रजा: पूर्व विनेशुरिति न: श्रुतम् । परस्परं भक्षयन्तो मत्स्या इव जले कृशान्,हमने सुन रखा है कि जैसे पानीमें बलवान मत्स्य दुर्बल मत्स्योंकोी अपना आहार बना लेते हैं, उसी प्रकार पूर्वकालमें राजाके न रहनेपर प्रजावर्गके लोग परस्पर एक-दूसरेको लूटते हुए नष्ट हो गये थे
arājakāḥ prajāḥ pūrvaṁ vineśur iti naḥ śrutam | parasparaṁ bhakṣayanto matsyā iva jale kṛśān ||
Bhishma disse: “Ouvimos que, em tempos antigos, quando não havia rei, o povo pereceu. Como peixes na água, os fortes devoravam os fracos; assim também, na ausência de governo, os homens se tornaram presa uns dos outros e foram destruídos.”
भीष्म उवाच
Educational Q&A
Without legitimate rulership and enforcement of dharma, society collapses into “matsya-nyaya” (the law of the fish), where the strong exploit the weak; kingship is presented as a necessary instrument for protection and order.
In Bhishma’s discourse on rajadharma in the Shanti Parva, he cites an old tradition: when there was no king, people mutually preyed upon each other, like fish in water, leading to widespread ruin.