Shloka 68

Varṇa-dharma and Rājadharma: Yudhiṣṭhira’s Inquiry and Bhīṣma’s Normative Outline (वर्णधर्म-राजधर्म-प्रश्नोत्तरम्)

Devanagari script

प्रत्यक्षाश्न परोक्षाशक्ष सर्वाधिकरणेष्वथ । वृत्तेर्भरतशार्दूल नित्यं चैवान्ववेक्षणम्‌,भरतवंशके सिंह युधिष्ठिर! समस्त न्यायालयोंमें जो प्रत्यक्ष और परोक्ष विचार होते हैं तथा वहाँ जो राजकीय पुरुषोंके व्यवहार होते हैं, उन सबका प्रतिदिन निरीक्षण करना चाहिये। इसका भी उक्त शास्त्रमें उल्लेख है

Transliteration

pratyakṣāś ca parokṣāś ca sarvādhikaraṇeṣv atha | vṛtter bharataśārdūla nityaṃ caivānvavekṣaṇam ||

Translation

Bhishma disse: Ó Yudhiṣṭhira, tigre entre os Bharatas, deves vigiar diariamente todos os assuntos judiciais—tanto os decididos por prova direta quanto os inferidos de modo indireto—bem como a conduta e as tratativas dos oficiais do rei nesses processos. Tal supervisão contínua é igualmente prescrita nos ensinamentos de autoridade.

Word by Word

• {'pratyakṣa': 'directly perceived

• based on immediate evidence', 'parokṣa': 'indirect

• inferred or not directly seen', 'sarva-adhikaraṇa': 'all cases/tribunals

• all matters under jurisdiction', 'atha': 'and then

• moreover', 'vṛtti': 'conduct, behavior, practical dealings (especially of officials)', 'bharataśārdūla': '‘tiger among the Bharatas’

• honorific address', 'nityam': 'always

• continually', 'eva': 'indeed

• emphatically', 'anvavekṣaṇam': 'close inspection, supervision, oversight'}

Speaker

भीष्म उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Bhishma
• Yudhishthira
• Bharata lineage (Bharatas)