Previous Verse
Next Verse

Shloka 21

Prāyaścitta and Contextual Non-Culpability (प्रायश्चित्त-निमित्त-अदोषवाद)

कर्मभ्यो विप्रमुच्यन्ते यत्ता: संवत्सरं स्त्रिय:

karmabhyo vipramucyante yattāḥ saṁvatsaraṁ striyaḥ | mitāhāra-saṁyamopetāḥ pāpakarmabhya eva ca || mahāvrataṁ yo ’nutiṣṭhet māsaṁ toyavivarjitam | brāhmaṇebhyaḥ sarvasvaṁ yo nivedayati bhaktitaḥ || guror arthe raṇe hanyāt sa pāpabandhanāt pramucyate ||

Vyāsa disse: “As mulheres que vivem um ano inteiro com disciplina, contenção e alimento medido são libertas das consequências de atos pecaminosos. Do mesmo modo, quem cumpre o grande voto—abster-se de água por um mês—quem, com devoção, entrega todos os seus bens aos Brāhmaṇas, ou quem é morto em batalha pelo bem do seu mestre, é libertado dos grilhões das ações infaustas.”

कर्मभ्यःfrom (sinful) acts
कर्मभ्यः:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootकर्मन्
FormNeuter, Ablative, Plural
विप्रमुच्यन्तेare completely released
विप्रमुच्यन्ते:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootवि-प्र-मुच्
FormPresent, Indicative, Atmanepada (Passive sense), Third, Plural
यत्ताःrestrained, self-controlled
यत्ताः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootयत (यम् धातु से क्त)
FormFeminine, Nominative, Plural
संवत्सरम्for a year
संवत्सरम्:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootसंवत्सर
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
स्त्रियःwomen
स्त्रियः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootस्त्री
FormFeminine, Nominative, Plural

व्यास उवाच

V
Vyāsa
W
women (striyaḥ)
B
Brāhmaṇas (brāhmaṇāḥ)
G
guru (teacher)
M
mahāvrata (great vow)

Educational Q&A

The verse teaches that karmic bondage from wrongdoing can be loosened through disciplined self-restraint (tapas and saṁyama), generous self-surrender through charity (dāna), and self-sacrifice grounded in loyalty to one’s teacher (guru-bhakti), each framed as a potent means of purification and release from aśubha/pāpa.

In Śānti Parva’s instruction on dharma and purification, Vyāsa enumerates recognized paths of expiation: a year of restrained living for women, the performance of a severe vow (mahāvrata), total donation to Brāhmaṇas, and being slain in battle for the guru—each presented as leading to freedom from the bonds of sinful action.