Shloka 1
Śvetadvīpa-varṇana and Śāstra-pravartana (Śānti Parva 322)
नशा न (2) अफन्अत+- > मनुजीने धर्मके दस भेद ये बताये हैं-- धृति: क्षमा दमो3स्तेयं शौचमिन्द्रियनिग्रह: । धीर्विद्या सत्यमक्रोधो दशकं धर्मलक्षणम् ।।
dhṛtiḥ kṣamā damo'steyaṁ śaucam indriyanigrahaḥ | dhīr vidyā satyam akrodho daśakaṁ dharmalakṣaṇam ||
“Firmeza (dhṛti), perdão (kṣamā), autocontrole (dama), não furtar (asteya), pureza (śauca), domínio dos sentidos, reto entendimento (dhī), saber (vidyā), veracidade (satya) e ausência de ira (akrodha)—estes dez são os sinais do dharma.” Na seção Mokṣadharma do Śānti Parva, o verso apresenta o dharma não como mero rito ou identidade social, mas como disciplinas interiores e virtudes éticas que moldam a conduta e o caráter.
युधिछिर उवाच
Educational Q&A
Dharma is identified through ten practical virtues—inner steadiness, forgiveness, restraint, honesty/non-stealing, purity, sensory discipline, discernment, learning, truthfulness, and freedom from anger—emphasizing character and conduct over mere external observance.
In the Śānti Parva’s Mokṣadharma discourse, a didactic list is presented that defines dharma by its observable ethical qualities, setting the tone for instruction on right living and liberation-oriented values.