Shloka 163
Śuka’s Guṇa-Transcendence and Vyāsa’s Consolation (शुकगति-वर्णनम्)
यहाँ राजा और राज्यके लिये जो परम धर्म और परम पवित्र वस्तु है, उसे सुनिये। जिसकी पृथ्वी दक्षिणा-रूपमें दे दी जाती है अर्थात् जो अपनी राज्यभूमिका दान कर देता है, वह अश्वमेध यज्ञके पुण्यफलका भागी होता है ।।
bhīṣma uvāca | iha rājā ca rājyārthe yaḥ paramo dharmaḥ paramā ca pavitrā vastur asti, tāṃ śṛṇu | yasya pṛthivī dakṣiṇā-rūpeṇa dattā bhavati, arthāt yaḥ svāṃ rājyabhūmiṃ dadāti, sa aśvamedha-yajñasya puṇya-phalasya bhāgī bhavati || saham etāni karmāṇi rāja-duḥkhāni maithila | samarthā śataśo vaktum athavāpi sahasraśaḥ | mithilā-nareśa! ye rājānaṃ duḥkhaṃ dadati, tādṛśāni karmāṇi aham iha vaktuṃ śaknomi ||
Bhīṣma disse: “Agora escuta qual é o dharma mais elevado e o princípio mais purificador para um rei e para o bem do reino. Aquele que dá a própria terra como dakṣiṇā—isto é, que doa o seu território real—torna-se partícipe do mérito obtido pelo sacrifício do Aśvamedha. Ó Maithila, sou capaz de descrever aqui centenas, até milhares, de ações que trazem sofrimento a um rei. Ó rei de Mithilā, posso expor muitos feitos assim, que afligem um governante.”
भीष्य उवाच
Educational Q&A
Bhishma elevates land-gift (donating one’s own royal territory as dakshina) as an exceptionally purifying royal act, equating its merit with participation in the fruit of the Ashvamedha; he also signals that many specific administrative or moral missteps can cause a king great suffering, preparing the listener for a broader discourse on raja-dharma.
In Shanti Parva’s instruction on governance, Bhishma addresses a Maithila ruler (king of Mithila) and begins outlining supreme royal duties: first praising the extraordinary merit of donating land, then stating his capacity to enumerate numerous deeds that bring hardship to kings, introducing a detailed advisory section on the burdens and pitfalls of rulership.