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Shloka 20

राजधर्मः, दण्डनीतिः, कर्तृत्व-विचारः च

Royal Duty, Lawful Discipline, and the Question of Agency

(३) नरेश्वर! यदि ऐसा मानते हो कि युद्ध करनेवाले दो व्यक्तियोंमेंसे एकका मरना निश्चित ही है, अर्थात्‌ वह स्वभाववश हठात्‌ मारा गया है, तब तो स्वभाववादीके अनुसार भूत या भविष्य कालमें किसी अशुभ कर्मसे न तो तुम्हारा सम्पर्क था और न होगा ही ।।

nareśvara! yadi evaṃ manyase yuddha-kārayor dvayor madhye ekasya maraṇaṃ niyataṃ, sa svabhāvavaśād haṭhāt hata iti, tadā svabhāvavādināṃ mate bhūta-bhaviṣya-kālayoḥ aśubha-karmaṇā na tava saṃsparśo 'bhūt na ca bhaviṣyati. athābhipatti-lokasya kartavyā puṇya-pāpayoḥ; abhipannam idaṃ loke rājñām udyata-daṇḍanam.

Vyāsa disse: “Ó rei, se sustentas que, numa luta entre dois combatentes, a morte de um é inevitável —abatido de súbito pela mera natureza—, então, segundo a visão naturalista, não tiveste ligação com qualquer ato mau no passado, nem a terás no futuro. Mas se dizes que as experiências de prazer e dor das pessoas devem ser atribuídas a mérito e demérito —pois nenhum efeito surge sem causa—, então esse destino causal deve ser entendido como assumindo a forma de dharma e adharma, determinados pela śāstra. E por esse mesmo padrão escritural, é plenamente apropriado que os reis levantem a vara e punam os sem-lei. Portanto, de qualquer dos pontos de vista, não tens razão para lamentar.”

अथthen/now
अथ:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअथ
अभिपत्तिःacceptance/assent; conclusion
अभिपत्तिः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअभिपत्ति
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
लोकस्यof the world/people
लोकस्य:
TypeNoun
Rootलोक
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
कर्तव्याto be done/ought to be made
कर्तव्या:
TypeAdjective
Rootकर्तव्य
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
पुण्यपापयोःof merit and sin
पुण्यपापयोः:
TypeNoun
Rootपुण्यपाप
FormNeuter, Genitive, Dual
अभिपन्नम्accepted/acknowledged
अभिपन्नम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootअभि√पद्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
इदम्this
इदम्:
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
लोकेin the world
लोके:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootलोक
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
राज्ञाम्of kings
राज्ञाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
उद्यतदण्डनम्raising/readying of punishment (the rod)
उद्यतदण्डनम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootउद्यत-दण्डन
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular

व्यास उवाच

V
Vyāsa
K
King (nareśvara/rājā)
S
svabhāvavādin (naturalists/determinists)
D
daṇḍa (royal punishment/rod)

Educational Q&A

Vyāsa offers a two-pronged argument to dissolve grief: if one adopts strict naturalism (svabhāva), then no moral blame attaches; if one adopts karmic causality, then dharma/adharma—known through śāstra—grounds royal punishment, making the king’s enforcement of order ethically justified.

In Śānti Parva’s instruction to the king, Vyāsa addresses the king’s sorrow and moral doubt about violence and responsibility, arguing that whether one explains death by nature or by karma, the king’s duty to punish the unruly remains proper and grief is unwarranted.