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Shloka 75

नारद–शुक संवादः

Impermanence, Svabhāva, and Śuka’s Resolve for Yoga

यथैव बुध्यते मत्स्यस्तथैषो5प्यनुबुध्यते । स स्नेहात्‌ सहवासाच्च साभिमानाच्च नित्यश:

yathaiva budhyate matsyas tathaivo 'py anubudhyate | sa snehāt sahavāsāc ca sābhimānāc ca nityaśaḥ ||

Yājñavalkya disse: “Assim como o peixe, embora viva na água, apreende que a água é algo distinto de si, do mesmo modo este eu encarnado, embora habite no corpo feito de prakṛti, pode discernir-se diferente da natureza material. Contudo, por apego constante, convivência habitual e pelo orgulho do ‘eu’ e do ‘meu’, não realiza sua unidade com o Supremo; então afunda no oceano do Tempo. Mas, quando se reveste de entendimento equânime e reconhece sua unidade com o Supremo, é resgatado desse oceano do Tempo.”

यथाjust as
यथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथा
एवindeed/just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
बुध्यतेunderstands/realizes
बुध्यते:
TypeVerb
Rootबुध्
FormLat, Atmanepada, Prathama, Eka
मत्स्यःfish
मत्स्यः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमत्स्य
FormPum, Prathama, Eka
तथाso/thus
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
एषःthis (one)
एषः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormPum, Prathama, Eka
अपिalso/even
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
अनुबुध्यतेunderstands accordingly/comes to understand
अनुबुध्यते:
TypeVerb
Rootअनु + बुध्
FormLat, Atmanepada, Prathama, Eka
सःhe/that (one)
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormPum, Prathama, Eka
स्नेहात्from attachment/affection
स्नेहात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootस्नेह
FormPum, Panchami, Eka
सहवासात्from constant association/companionship
सहवासात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootसहवास
FormPum, Panchami, Eka
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
साभिमानात्from (a sense of) self-identification/pride
साभिमानात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootसाभिमान
FormPum, Panchami, Eka
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
नित्यशःalways/constantly
नित्यशः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootनित्यशस्

याज़्ञवल्क्य उवाच

Y
Yājñavalkya
M
matsya (fish)
J
jīva/ātman (implied)
P
prakṛti (implied by context)
K
kāla (Time, implied by the Hindi gloss)

Educational Q&A

Even when the self can intellectually discern that it is distinct from the body and material nature, it remains bound if it clings through attachment (sneha), habitual identification (sahavāsa), and egoic possessiveness (abhimāna). Liberation comes through even-minded insight that recognizes the self’s true relation—ultimately unity—with the Supreme, thereby crossing beyond the destructive flow of Time.

In Śānti Parva’s instruction on liberation and right understanding, Yājñavalkya uses a simple analogy—fish and water—to explain how the embodied self can know it is not the body, yet still remain trapped due to attachment and ego. The teaching contrasts bondage (sinking in the ‘ocean of Time’) with release through equanimous wisdom.