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Shloka 13

Śuka’s Manifestation from the Araṇi (Āraṇeya-janma) — शुकजन्म (आरणेय-सम्भव)

राजेन्द्र! आकाश आदि पाँच महाभूतोंमें क्रमश: शब्द, स्पर्श, रूप, रस और गन्ध--ये विशेष गुण हैं ।।

Yājñavalkya uvāca: Rājendra! ākāśādi pañca mahābhūteṣu kramaśaḥ śabdaḥ sparśaḥ rūpaṃ rasaḥ gandhaś ca—ete viśeṣa-guṇāḥ. Yair āviṣṭāni bhūtāni ahany ahani pārthiva, anyonyaṃ spṛhayanti ete anyonyasya hite ratāḥ. Pṛthvīnātha! pravāha-rūpeṇa sadā vidyamāneṣu manohareṣu śabdādi-viṣayeṣv āviṣṭāḥ sarve prāṇinaḥ pratidinaṃ kadācit anyonyaṃ kāṅkṣanti, kadācit paraspara-hita-sādhane tatparā bhavanti, kadācit anyonyaṃ nīcīkartuṃ ceṣṭante, kadācit īrṣyāṃ kurvanti, kadācit parasparaṃ praharanti ca.

Yājñavalkya disse: “Ó rei! Nos cinco grandes elementos, começando pelo espaço, as qualidades distintivas surgem em ordem—som, tato, forma, sabor e odor. Enredadas por elas, as criaturas, dia após dia, ó governante da terra, anseiam umas pelas outras e também se empenham no bem umas das outras. Contudo, ó senhor do país, cativados por esses agradáveis objetos dos sentidos—sempre presentes como um fluxo contínuo—os seres, a cada dia, às vezes se desejam, às vezes se esforçam pelo benefício mútuo, às vezes procuram rebaixar uns aos outros, às vezes ardem de ciúme e, às vezes, chegam até a golpear-se.”

यैःby which
यैः:
Karana
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Plural
आविष्टानिentered/possessed (pervaded)
आविष्टानि:
TypeAdjective
Rootआ-विश्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Plural
भूतानिbeings/creatures
भूतानि:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootभूत
FormNeuter, Nominative, Plural
अहनिin a day
अहनि:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootअहन्
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
अहनिin a day (day after day)
अहनि:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootअहन्
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
पार्थिवO king (earth-lord)
पार्थिव:
TypeNoun
Rootपार्थिव
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
अन्योन्यम्one another
अन्योन्यम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootअन्योन्य
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
स्पृहयन्तिdesire/long for
स्पृहयन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootस्पृह्
FormPresent, Indicative, Parasmaipada, Third, Plural
एतेthese
एते:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
अन्योन्यस्यof one another
अन्योन्यस्य:
TypePronoun
Rootअन्योन्य
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular
हितेin (each other's) welfare/benefit
हिते:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootहित
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
रताःengaged/devoted
रताः:
TypeAdjective
Rootरत
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
पृथ्वी-नाथO lord of the earth
पृथ्वी-नाथ:
TypeNoun
Rootपृथ्वीनाथ
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

याज़्ञवल्क्य उवाच

Y
Yājñavalkya
R
Rājendra (the king addressed)
P
Pārthiva (the king addressed)
P
Pṛthvīnātha (the king addressed)
Ā
Ākāśa (space/ether)
P
Pañca Mahābhūta (five great elements)
Ś
Śabda
S
Sparśa
R
Rūpa
R
Rasa
G
Gandha

Educational Q&A

The verse explains that beings are driven by the specific qualities of the five elements as they appear as sense-objects (sound, touch, form, taste, smell). Captivation by these produces a repeating cycle of attraction and cooperation, but also rivalry, jealousy, and violence—showing why mastery over the senses is central to ethical life and inner peace.

In a didactic dialogue within the Śānti Parva, the sage Yājñavalkya addresses a king and analyzes everyday social behavior. He traces shifting human relations—desire, mutual help, belittling, envy, and aggression—to the constant stream of sensory experience that overwhelms living beings.