Shloka 4
यज्ञेऽहिंसा-प्राधान्यम्
Primacy of Non-Harm in Sacrificial Ethics
Devanagari script
अव्यवस्थितमयदिरविमूढैरनास्तिकैनरि: । संशयात्मभिरव्यक्तैहिंसा समनुवर्णिता,“जो धर्मकी मर्यादासे भ्रष्ट हो चुके हैं, मूर्ख हैं, नास्तिक हैं तथा जिन्हें आत्माके विषयमें संदेह है एवं जिनकी कहीं प्रसिद्धि नहीं है, ऐसे लोगोंने ही हिंसाका समर्थन किया है
Translation
A violência foi louvada apenas por aqueles que se desviaram dos limites do dharma—tolos, incrédulos, de espírito duvidoso quanto ao ātman e sem qualquer renome.
Word by Word
अव्यवस्थितम्disordered, not well-established
अव्यवस्थितम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootअव्यवस्थित
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
यत्which/that
यत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
इहhere, in this world
इह:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइह
विमूढैःby the deluded/foolish
विमूढैः:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootविमूढ
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
अनास्तिकैःby the non-believers/atheists
अनास्तिकैः:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootअनास्तिक
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
नरैःby men/people
नरैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootनर
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
संशयात्मभिःby those whose self is doubtful; doubting-minded
संशयात्मभिः:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootसंशयात्मन्
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
अव्यक्तैःby the obscure/unrenowned; not manifest
अव्यक्तैः:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootअव्यक्त
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
हिंसाviolence
हिंसा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootहिंसा
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
समनुवर्णिताhas been described/commended
समनुवर्णिता:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootसम्-अनु-वर्ण्
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular, Past passive participle (क्त), Passive (sense)
Speaker
भीष्म उवाच
Character Dynamics
Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)
War Context
Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)
Philosophical Teaching
Political Layer
Geographic Context
Meter (Chandas)
Sandhi Notes