Shloka 20

सत्त्वमात्मा प्रसरति गुणान्‌ वापि कदाचन । न गुणा विदुरात्मानं गुणान्‌ वेद स सर्वदा

sattvam ātmā prasarati guṇān vāpi kadācana | na guṇā vidur ātmānaṃ guṇān veda sa sarvadā ||

Vyāsa disse: O Si, estabelecido em sattva, por vezes se estende em direção aos guṇa (às suas atividades e objetos). Contudo, os guṇa não conhecem verdadeiramente o Si; antes, o Si conhece sempre os guṇa. O ensinamento ressalta o discernimento ético: não se deve confundir qualidades e humores mutáveis com o conhecedor interior, mas reconhecer o Si como testemunha constante e regente da conduta.

सत्त्वम्being; essence; (here) the self as existence
सत्त्वम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसत्त्व
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
आत्माself
आत्मा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootआत्मन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
प्रसरतिspreads forth; extends; proceeds
प्रसरति:
TypeVerb
Rootप्र-√सृ
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
गुणान्qualities; guṇas
गुणान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootगुण
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
वाor
वा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा
अपिalso; even
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
कदाचनat any time; ever
कदाचन:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootकदाचन
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
गुणाःqualities; guṇas
गुणाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootगुण
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
विदुःknow
विदुः:
TypeVerb
Root√विद्
FormPerfect, Third, Plural, Parasmaipada
आत्मानम्the self
आत्मानम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootआत्मन्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
गुणान्qualities; guṇas
गुणान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootगुण
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
वेदknows
वेद:
TypeVerb
Root√विद्
FormPerfect, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
सःhe; that (self)
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
सर्वदाalways
सर्वदा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसर्वदा

व्यास उवाच

V
Vyāsa
Ā
Ātman (Self)
G
Guṇas
S
Sattva

Educational Q&A

The Self is the constant knower, while the guṇas are changing forces of nature. Even if the mind moves outward under sattva toward experiences shaped by the guṇas, the guṇas cannot grasp the Self; rather, the Self (as witness-consciousness) knows and can discriminate the guṇas. Ethically, this supports self-mastery: identify impulses as guṇa-driven and act from discernment.

In Śānti Parva’s instruction on liberation-oriented dharma and philosophical discernment, Vyāsa explains the relation between the Self and prakṛti’s guṇas. The verse functions as a doctrinal clarification: the Self is not an object among qualities but the ever-present subject that observes them.