Shloka 7

कपाल वृक्षमूलानि कुचैलमसहायता । उपेक्षा सर्वभूतानामेतावद्‌ भिक्षुलक्षणम्‌,भिक्षापात्र एवं कमण्डलु रखे। वृक्षकी जड़में सोये या निवास करे। जो देखनेमें सुन्दर न हो, ऐसा वस्त्र धारण करे। किसीको साथ न रखे और सब प्राणियोंकी उपेक्षा कर दे। ये सब संन्यासीके लक्षण हैं

vyāsa uvāca | kapāla-vṛkṣa-mūlāni kucailam asahāyatā | upekṣā sarva-bhūtānām etāvad bhikṣu-lakṣaṇam | bhikṣā-pātraṃ eva ca kamaṇḍaluṃ rakhet | vṛkṣa-mūle śayīta vā nivāsaṃ kuryāt | yaḥ darśane na sundaraṃ vastraṃ dhārayet | na kaṃcid saha rakhet sarva-bhūteṣu ca upekṣāṃ kuryāt | etāni sannyāsinaḥ lakṣaṇāni ||

Vyāsa disse: “Eis as marcas de um mendicante: uma tigela de crânio, as raízes das árvores como abrigo, uma veste áspera e sem atrativo, viver sem companheiros e manter desapego para com todos os seres. Deve guardar apenas a tigela de esmolas e o kamaṇḍalu (vasilha de água); deve dormir ou morar ao pé de uma árvore; deve vestir roupas que não convidem à admiração; não deve ter ninguém como assistente; e deve permanecer indiferente—livre de apego e de aversão—para com todas as criaturas. Tais são as características de um renunciante.”

कपालम्a skull (as alms-bowl)
कपालम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकपाल
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
वृक्षमूलानिroots of trees (as dwelling-place)
वृक्षमूलानि:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootवृक्षमूल
FormNeuter, Nominative, Plural
कुचैलम्a wretched/soiled garment
कुचैलम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकुचैल
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
असहायताbeing without a companion; solitude
असहायता:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअसहायता
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
उपेक्षाindifference; disregard
उपेक्षा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootउपेक्षा
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
सर्वभूतानाम्of all beings
सर्वभूतानाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootसर्वभूत
FormNeuter, Genitive, Plural
एतावत्this much; so much
एतावत्:
Karta
TypePronoun/Adjective
Rootएतावत्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
भिक्षुलक्षणम्the mark/characteristic of a mendicant
भिक्षुलक्षणम्:
TypeNoun
Rootभिक्षुलक्षण
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular

व्यास उवाच

V
Vyāsa
K
kapāla (skull-bowl)
B
bhikṣā-pātra (begging bowl)
K
kamaṇḍalu (water-pot)
V
vṛkṣa-mūla (root/foot of a tree)

Educational Q&A

The verse defines renunciation as radical simplicity and inner non-attachment: minimal possessions (bowl and water-pot), austere living (tree-root as shelter), avoidance of display (unattractive clothing), solitude, and equanimity toward all beings—freedom from dependence, favoritism, and hostility.

In the Śānti Parva’s instruction on dharma after the war, Vyāsa is describing the observable disciplines and lifestyle that characterize a true mendicant/renunciant, emphasizing external austerity as a support for inner detachment.