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Shloka 24

महाभूत–इन्द्रिय–मनस्–बुद्धि–अन्तरात्मा विवेकः | Discrimination of Elements, Senses, Mind, Intellect, and Inner Self

इस प्रकार वानप्रस्थकी अवधि पूरी कर लेनेके बाद जब आयुका चौथा भाग शेष रह जाय, वृद्धावस्थासे शरीर दुर्बल हो जाय और रोग सताने लगें तो उस आश्रमका परित्याग कर दे (और संन्यास-आश्रम ग्रहण कर ले)। संन्यासकी दीक्षा लेते समय एक दिनमें पूरा होनेवाला यज्ञ करके अपना सर्वस्व दक्षिणामें दे डाले ।।

ātmayājī so ’tmaratir ātmakrīḍa ātmasaṁśrayaḥ | ātmany agnīn samāropya tyaktvā sarvaparigrahān ||

Vyāsa explica a disciplina interior da renúncia: Depois de cumprir o período de vānaprastha, quando resta apenas o quarto da vida, o corpo se enfraquece pela velhice e as doenças afligem, deve-se abandonar esse āśrama e assumir o saṃnyāsa. Ao receber a iniciação do saṃnyāsa, faça-se um yajña que se complete em um só dia e entregue-se tudo como dakṣiṇā. O asceta deve tornar-se “aquele que sacrifica ao Si”: encontrando deleite e jogo apenas no Si, e tomando refúgio no Si de todas as maneiras. Tendo “colocado” interiormente os fogos sagrados no Si, abandone todas as posses e apegos. Voltando-se do sacrifício ritual externo, realize continuamente os sacrifícios de modo mental, até que a prática da oferenda ao Si se torne firme e substitua a dependência de ritos exteriores.

आत्मयाजीone who performs sacrifice to the Self
आत्मयाजी:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootआत्मयाजिन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
सःhe
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
आत्मरतिःhaving delight in the Self
आत्मरतिः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootआत्मरति
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
आत्मक्रीडःone who plays (finds sport) in the Self
आत्मक्रीडः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootआत्मक्रीड
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
आत्मसंश्रयःone whose refuge is the Self
आत्मसंश्रयः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootआत्मसंश्रय
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
आत्मनिin the Self
आत्मनि:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootआत्मन्
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
अग्नीन्fires
अग्नीन्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअग्नि
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
समारोप्यhaving superimposed/placed (them) upon
समारोप्य:
Karana
TypeVerb
Rootसम्-आ-रुह्
FormAbsolutive (ktvā-lyap), Parasmaipada (usage-neutral for absolutive)
त्यक्त्वाhaving abandoned
त्यक्त्वा:
Karana
TypeVerb
Rootत्यज्
FormAbsolutive (ktvā), Parasmaipada (usage-neutral for absolutive)
सर्वपरिग्रहान्all possessions/attachments
सर्वपरिग्रहान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसर्वपरिग्रह
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural

व्यास उवाच

V
Vyāsa
Ā
ātman (Self)
A
agni (sacred fires)
Y
yajña (sacrifice)

Educational Q&A

The verse teaches the interiorization of religious duty: the renouncer should abandon external dependence on ritual and possessions, ‘install’ the sacred fires within the Self, and practice continual inward sacrifice—finding refuge, joy, and discipline in the Self alone.

Vyāsa is instructing on the transition into full renunciation: after completing the earlier stages of life, one gives up possessions and outward ritual supports, and adopts a contemplative mode where yajña becomes mental and self-directed (ātma-yajña).