Shloka 8

Adhyātma-krama: Indriya–Manas–Buddhi–Ātman Hierarchy and Citta-Prasāda (आध्यात्मक्रमः)

Devanagari script

अपृथग्दर्शना: सर्वे ऋक्सामसु यजु:षु च । कामद्वेषौ पृथक्‌ कृत्वा तप: कृत उपासते,सत्ययुगमें सभी द्विज ऋग्वेद, यजुर्वेद और सामवेद--इन तीनोंमें भेददृष्टि न रखते हुए राग-द्वेषको मनसे हटाकर तपस्याका आश्रय लेते हैं

Transliteration

apṛthagdarśanāḥ sarve ṛksāmasu yajuḥṣu ca | kāmadveṣau pṛthak kṛtvā tapaḥ kṛta upāsate ||

Translation

Disse Vyāsa: Na era da verdade, todos os “duas-vezes-nascidos” viam as tradições do Ṛg, do Sāma e do Yajus sem separação sectária. Pondo de lado o desejo e a aversão, abraçavam a austeridade e viviam numa prática espiritual disciplinada—mostrando que a purificação interior, e não a rivalidade entre escolas, é o fundamento do dharma.

Word by Word

अपृथग्दर्शनाःhaving non-separate vision (non-discriminating)

सर्वेall

ऋक्सामसुin the Ṛk and Sāman (Vedas)

यजुःषुin the Yajus (Yajurveda)

चand

कामद्वेषौdesire and hatred

पृथक्separately; apart (i.e., setting aside)

कृत्वाhaving done; having made (having set aside)

तपःausterity; penance

कृतdone; performed

उपासतेthey practice; they resort to; they worship/attend upon

Speaker

व्यास उवाच

Characters & Entities

Vyāsa

Kṛta Yuga (Satya Yuga)

Dvija (twice-born)

Ṛ

Ṛgveda

Sāmaveda

Yajurveda

Character Dynamics

Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)

War Context

Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)

Philosophical Teaching

Political Layer

Meter (Chandas)

Sandhi Notes

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

True dharma begins with inner discipline: abandoning desire and aversion and practicing tapas. The verse also teaches non-sectarian respect for the Vedas—seeing Ṛg, Sāma, and Yajus as not essentially opposed.

What is happening in the narrative?

Vyāsa describes the conduct of people in the Kṛta (Satya) Yuga: the dvijas did not quarrel over Vedic divisions and instead focused on self-purification through austerity and spiritual practice.