Shloka 2

कालनिर्णयः, युगधर्मवर्णनम्, सृष्टिक्रमश्च

Time-Reckoning, Yuga-Dharma, and the Sequence of Creation

Devanagari script

श॒क्र उवाच यत्‌ तद्‌ यानसहस्रेण ज्ञातिभि: परिवारित: । लोकान्‌ प्रतापयन्‌ सर्वान्‌ यास्यस्मानवितर्कयन्‌

Transliteration

śakra uvāca yat tad yāna-sahasreṇa jñātibhiḥ parivāritaḥ | lokān pratāpayan sarvān yāsyasmān avitarkayan ||

Translation

Śakra disse: “Aquele que, cercado por seus parentes e acompanhado por mil veículos, fazia todos os mundos tremerem diante do seu esplendor—partirá de nós, sem hesitar nem pensar duas vezes.”

Word by Word

• शक्रः: Śakra (Indra)
• शक्रः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: शक्र
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• उवाच: said
• Type: Verb
• Root: वच्
• Form: Perfect, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada

• यत्: which/that (what)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद्
• Form: Neuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular

• तत्: that
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: Neuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular

• यानसहस्रेण: with a thousand vehicles
• यानसहस्रेण: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: यानसहस्र
• Form: Neuter, Instrumental, Singular

• ज्ञातिभिः: by/with kinsmen
• ज्ञातिभिः: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: ज्ञाति
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental, Plural

• परिवारितः: surrounded
• Type: Adjective
• Root: परि + वृत्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular, क्त (past passive participle)

• लोकान्: worlds/people
• लोकान्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: लोक
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Plural

• प्रतापयन्: afflicting/overpowering; making feel his might
• Type: Verb
• Root: प्र + तप् (causative: प्रतापयति)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular, शतृ (present active participle)

• सर्वान्: all
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सर्व
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Plural

• यास्यस्मान्: we shall go
• Type: Verb
• Root: या
• Form: Periphrastic Future, First, Plural, Parasmaipada

• अवितर्कयन्: not deliberating; without hesitation
• Type: Verb
• Root: अ + वि + तर्कयति
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular, शतृ (present active participle)

Speaker

श॒क्र उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Śakra (Indra)
• kinsmen/relatives (jñātayaḥ)
• worlds/realms (lokāḥ)
• vehicles/conveyances (yānāni)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

Even immense worldly power—vast retinues, vehicles, and the ability to overawe entire realms—does not prevent separation and departure. The verse underscores impermanence and the need for inner steadiness rather than reliance on external grandeur.

What is happening in the narrative?

Śakra (Indra) speaks about a prominent figure previously described as surrounded by relatives and great pomp, whose splendour impressed all worlds. Indra observes that this person will nonetheless leave ‘us’—a statement of impending departure and the inevitability of change.