Shloka 17
Śakra–Namuci-saṃvāda: Śoka-nivāraṇa and Daiva-vicāra
Indra and Namuci on grief, composure, and inevitability
त्याग एव हि सर्वेषां युक्तानामपि कर्मणाम् | नित्यं मिथ्याविनीतानां क्लेशो दुः:खवहो मतः
tyāga eva hi sarveṣāṁ yuktānām api karmaṇām | nityaṁ mithyā-vinītānāṁ kleśo duḥkhavaho mataḥ ||
Disse Bhishma: A renúncia, e só ela, é a verdadeira consumação de todas as ações, mesmo para os disciplinados e empenhados na prática correta. Mas naqueles que, sem abandonar o ego, o “meu”, o apego e o desejo, afirmam continuamente — de modo falso — humildade e autocontrole, surgem as aflições, como a ignorância, tidas por portadoras de sofrimento.
भीष्म उवाच
Educational Q&A
That genuine spiritual progress requires tyāga—giving up egoistic ownership, attachment, and desire within action; merely performing disciplines while retaining inner clinging is hypocrisy and results in kleśa (afflictions) that produce suffering.
In the Śānti Parva’s instruction section, Bhishma is teaching Yudhishthira about dharma and liberation-oriented conduct, emphasizing inner renunciation as essential even when one continues to act.