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Shloka 11

बलीन्द्रसंवादः — Kāla, Anityatā, and the Limits of Agency

Mahābhārata 12.217

संयोगलक्षणोत्पत्ति: कर्मणा गृह्ते यथा । करणै: कर्मनिर्वृत्ति: कर्ता यद्‌ यद्‌ विचेष्टते । कीर्त्यते शब्दसंज्ञाभि: को5हमेषो5प्यसाविति

saṃyoga-lakṣaṇotpattiḥ karmaṇā gṛhyate yathā | karaṇaiḥ karma-nirvṛttiḥ kartā yad yad viceṣṭate | kīrtyate śabda-saṃjñābhiḥ ko’ham eṣo’py asāv iti ||

Bhīṣma disse: O surgimento do mundo móvel e imóvel, marcado pela conjunção de Prakṛti e Puruṣa, é compreendido por meio da ação e de seus efeitos. Pelos instrumentos — mente e sentidos — este ser encarnado realiza feitos; e qualquer feito que empreenda, por esse mesmo feito é dito seu agente. Assim, por palavras e rótulos convencionais — “quem?”, “eu”, “isto” e “aquilo” — as pessoas o descrevem, atribuindo-lhe identidade e responsabilidade na esfera da ação.

संयोग-लक्षण-उत्पत्तिःthe origin characterized by conjunction
संयोग-लक्षण-उत्पत्तिः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootउत्पत्ति (प्रातिपदिक); संयोग, लक्षण (पूर्वपद-प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
कर्मणाby action
कर्मणा:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootकर्मन्
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
गृह्यतेis grasped/known
गृह्यते:
TypeVerb
Rootग्रह्
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Atmanepada, Passive
यथाas/just as
यथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथा
करणैःby instruments (organs)
करणैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootकरण
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Plural
कर्म-निर्वृत्तिःthe accomplishment of action
कर्म-निर्वृत्तिः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootनिर्वृत्ति (प्रातिपदिक); कर्म (पूर्वपद-प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
कर्ताthe doer/agent
कर्ता:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकर्तृ (प्रातिपदिक; कृत्-प्रत्यय -तृ from √कृ)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
यत्whatever (which)
यत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
यत्whatever (which)
यत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
विचेष्टतेacts/endeavors
विचेष्टते:
TypeVerb
Rootचेष्ट् (वि-उपसर्ग)
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Atmanepada
कीर्त्यतेis spoken of/denoted
कीर्त्यते:
TypeVerb
Rootकीर्त्
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Atmanepada, Passive
शब्द-संज्ञाभिःby verbal designations
शब्द-संज्ञाभिः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootसंज्ञा (प्रातिपदिक); शब्द (पूर्वपद-प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine, Instrumental, Plural
कःwho?
कः:
TypePronoun
Rootकिम्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अहम्I
अहम्:
TypePronoun
Rootअहम्
FormNominative, Singular
एषःthis (one)
एषः:
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अपिalso/even
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
असौthat (one over there)
असौ:
TypePronoun
Rootअदस्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
इतिthus/quoting
इति:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
P
Prakṛti
P
Puruṣa
J
jagat (carācara)

Educational Q&A

Identity as “doer” is a conventional designation arising in the domain of karma: when consciousness (Puruṣa) is conjoined with nature (Prakṛti), actions occur through instruments like mind and senses, and on that basis one is labeled “I/this/that” and held to agency.

In the Śānti Parva’s instruction on liberation-oriented ethics and philosophy, Bhīṣma explains to the inquirer how the world-process and personal identity are understood through action, and how linguistic labels of selfhood track performed deeds rather than an ultimate, independent agent.