Previous Verse
Next Verse

Shloka 12

दमप्रशंसा — Praise of Self-Restraint

Dama

रजस्तमसि पर्यस्तं सत्त्वं च रजसि स्थितम्‌ । ज्ञानाधिष्ठानमव्यक्तं बुद्धयहड्कारलक्षणम्‌,तमोगुणमें स्थित रजोगुण तथा रजोगुणमें स्थित सत्त्वमुण जब रजोगुण-तमोगुणमें स्थित हो जाता है और सत्त्वगुण रजोगुणमें स्थित हो जाता है, तब ज्ञानका अधिष्ठानभूत अव्यक्त आत्मा बुद्धि और अहंकारसे युक्त हो जाता है

rajas-tamasi paryastaṃ sattvaṃ ca rajasi sthitam | jñānādhiṣṭhānam avyaktaṃ buddhya-haṅkāra-lakṣaṇam ||

Bhishma disse: Quando o rajas é lançado ao tamas, e o sattva vem repousar no rajas, então o Si mesmo não manifesto—fundamento do conhecimento—passa a ser marcado pelos instrumentos do intelecto (buddhi) e do ego (ahaṃkāra). Nessa condição, a clareza já não é soberana: a compreensão é filtrada pelo desejo inquieto e pela inércia obscurecedora, e o sentido de “eu” e “meu” começa a dominar o discernimento.

रजःrajas (the quality of activity/passion)
रजः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootरजस्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
तमसिin tamas (darkness/inertia)
तमसि:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootतमस्
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
पर्यस्तम्overthrown/immersed/placed (into)
पर्यस्तम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootपरि-√अस् (पर्यस्)
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
सत्त्वम्sattva (the quality of clarity/goodness)
सत्त्वम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसत्त्व
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
रजसिin rajas
रजसि:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootरजस्
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
स्थितम्standing/abiding
स्थितम्:
TypeAdjective
Root√स्था
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
ज्ञान-अधिष्ठानम्the basis/support of knowledge
ज्ञान-अधिष्ठानम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootज्ञानाधिष्ठान
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
अव्यक्तम्unmanifest
अव्यक्तम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootअव्यक्त
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
बुद्धि-अहङ्कार-लक्षणम्characterized by buddhi and ahaṅkāra
बुद्धि-अहङ्कार-लक्षणम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootबुद्ध्यहङ्कारलक्षण
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma

Educational Q&A

The verse explains how the interplay of the three guṇas affects cognition: when tamas and rajas dominate, even the basis of knowledge (the unmanifest principle) appears conditioned through buddhi (intellect) and ahaṅkāra (ego), so discernment becomes colored by agitation and delusion rather than pure clarity.

In the Śānti Parva’s instruction on inner discipline and metaphysical analysis, Bhishma teaches Yudhiṣṭhira about the guṇas and the structure of experience, describing how shifts in sattva, rajas, and tamas shape the mind’s functioning and the rise of ego-centered understanding.