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Shloka 4

Vyaktāvyakta-Viveka and Nivṛtti as Paramā Gati

Manifest–Unmanifest Discrimination and the Supreme Path of Withdrawal

शिष्य: परममेधावी श्रेयो<र्थी सुसमाहित: । चरणावुपसंगृहा[ स्थित: प्राउजलिरब्रवीत्‌

śiṣyaḥ paramamedhāvī śreyo'rthī susamāhitaḥ | caraṇāv upasaṅgṛhya sthitaḥ prāñjalir abravīt ||

Disse Bhīṣma: Um discípulo de inteligência excepcional, buscando o bem supremo e firme de espírito, aproximou-se de seu mestre, tomou com reverência ambos os pés em sinal de homenagem e, em seguida, permaneceu de pé com as mãos postas e falou—assim se estabelecendo o cenário para uma indagação respeitosa sobre o que é verdadeiramente benéfico e conforme ao dharma.

शिष्यःthe disciple
शिष्यः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootशिष्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
परममेधावीmost intelligent
परममेधावी:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootपरममेधाविन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
श्रेयःthe good, welfare
श्रेयः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootश्रेयस्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
अर्थीseeking, desirous (of)
अर्थी:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअर्थिन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
सुसमाहितःwell-composed, attentive
सुसमाहितः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसु-समाहित
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
चरणौthe two feet
चरणौ:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootचरण
FormMasculine, Accusative, Dual
उपसंगृह्यhaving approached and grasped (i.e., having bowed at/held)
उपसंगृह्य:
TypeVerb
Rootउप-सम्-ग्रह्
FormAbsolutive (Gerund)
स्थितःstanding
स्थितः:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootस्था
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
प्राञ्जलिःwith joined palms
प्राञ्जलिः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootप्राञ्जलि
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अब्रवीत्said, spoke
अब्रवीत्:
TypeVerb
Rootब्रू
FormImperfect (Lan), Third, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
D
disciple (śiṣya)
T
teacher/ācārya (implied by caraṇau and the narrative context)

Educational Q&A

The verse foregrounds the ethical posture required for learning: a sincere seeker of śreyas approaches knowledge with mental composure, humility, and reverence toward the teacher—suggesting that right conduct and inner discipline are prerequisites for receiving dharmic instruction.

A highly intelligent disciple, intent on true welfare, comes to his teacher, bows by clasping the teacher’s feet, stands with folded hands, and begins to speak—introducing a formal question-and-answer setting typical of dharma instruction in the Śānti Parva.