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Shloka 31

सत्य–अनृत, प्रकाश–तमस्, स्वर्ग–नरक विवेचनम्

Truth and Untruth as Light and Darkness; Svarga and Naraka as Ethical Consequences

अग्नि, वायु, जल और पृथ्वी--इनके रंग-रूप आकाशसे ही गृहीत होते हैं; अत: उससे भिन्न नहीं हैं। तत्त्वज्ञान न होनेसे ही उनमें भेदकी प्रतीति होती है ।।

agnir vāyur jalaṁ pṛthivī—eteṣāṁ varṇa-rūpāṇi ākāśād eva gṛhyante; ataḥ tato bhinnāni na bhavanti. tattva-jñānābhāvād eva teṣu bheda-pratītiḥ. paṭhanti caiva munayaḥ śāstreṣu vividheṣu ca. trailokye sāgare caiva pramāṇaṁ vihitaṁ yathā; parantu ye dṛṣṭeḥ pare yatra cendriyāṇāṁ gocaro nāsti tasya paramātmano parimāṇaṁ kathaṁ brūyāt? ante siddhānāṁ devatānāṁ ca jñānam api parimitaṁ hi.

Bharadvāja disse: “Fogo, vento, água e terra—sua cor e sua forma—são apreendidos apenas por meio do espaço; por isso, em verdade, não são distintos dele. É somente pela ausência do conhecimento verdadeiro da realidade que se imagina diferença entre eles. Os sábios, de fato, recitam em muitos tratados que certas medidas e padrões foram estabelecidos para os três mundos e até para os oceanos; mas como poderia alguém declarar a ‘medida’ do Ser Supremo, que está além da visão e fora do alcance dos sentidos? No fim, até o conhecimento dos Siddhas e dos deuses é limitado.”

पठन्तिthey recite/read
पठन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootपठ्
FormLat, Present, Parasmaipada, 3, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
एवindeed/just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
मुनयःsages
मुनयः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमुनि
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
शास्त्रेषुin treatises/scriptures
शास्त्रेषु:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootशास्त्र
FormNeuter, Locative, Plural
विविधेषुvarious
विविधेषु:
TypeAdjective
Rootविविध
FormNeuter, Locative, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
त्रैलोक्येin the three worlds
त्रैलोक्ये:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootत्रैलोक्य
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
सागरेin the ocean
सागरे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootसागर
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
एवindeed
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
प्रमाणम्measure/standard (extent)
प्रमाणम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootप्रमाण
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
विहितम्has been laid down/prescribed
विहितम्:
TypeVerb
Rootवि-धा
FormPast Passive Participle, Neuter, Nominative, Singular
यथाas/how
यथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथा

भरद्वाज उवाच

B
Bharadvāja
A
Agni (fire)
V
Vāyu (wind)
J
Jala (water)
P
Pṛthivī (earth)
Ā
Ākāśa (space/ether)
M
Munis (sages)
T
Trailokya (three worlds)
S
Sāgara (oceans)
P
Paramātman (Supreme Self)
S
Siddhas
D
Devatās (gods)

Educational Q&A

Perceived differences among the elements arise from ignorance; ultimately, their qualities are apprehended through (and not independent of) space, and the Supreme Self cannot be measured or fully known by sensory or even divine cognition—true reality transcends ordinary standards of ‘extent’ and description.

In a philosophical discourse within the Śānti Parva, Bharadvāja argues against taking cosmological measurements as ultimate knowledge: texts may describe the size of worlds and oceans, but the Paramātman lies beyond perception, so claims to fully quantify or comprehend the Absolute are inherently limited.