Adhyāya 159 — Dāna–Dakṣiṇā, Āpaddharma Measures, and Prāyaścitta Classifications
हरणं परवित्तानां परदाराभिमर्शनम् | वाग्वेगो मनसो वेगो निन्दावेगस्तथैव च
haraṇaṁ paravittānāṁ paradārābhimarśanam | vāg-vego manaso vegaḥ nindā-vegas tathaiva ca
Disse Bhīṣma: “Tomar o que pertence a outros, violar a esposa de outro homem, o ímpeto da fala, o ímpeto da mente e, do mesmo modo, o impulso de difamar — são forças que conduzem a pessoa ao erro e devem ser contidas na busca do dharma.”
भीष्म उवाच
Bhīṣma lists key moral dangers—stealing others’ wealth, violating another’s spouse, and the unchecked impulses of speech, mind, and disparagement—implying that dharma requires mastery over these urges through restraint and ethical discipline.
In Śānti Parva, Bhīṣma instructs Yudhiṣṭhira on righteous conduct after the war. Here he enumerates specific impulses and transgressions that undermine character and social order, as part of a broader discourse on dharma and self-governance.