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Shloka 9

Daṇḍa as the Foundation of Social Order (दण्डप्रतिष्ठा)

वाचा दण्डो ब्राह्मणानां क्षत्रियाणां भुजार्पणम्‌ | दानदण्डा: स्मृता वैश्या निर्दण्ड: शूद्र उच्चते

vācā daṇḍo brāhmaṇānāṁ kṣatriyāṇāṁ bhujārpaṇam | dāna-daṇḍāḥ smṛtā vaiśyā nirdaṇḍaḥ śūdra ucyate ||

Disse Arjuna: “Para os brâmanes, a punição é pela palavra—repreensão e censura. Para os kshatriyas, a punição é a imposição de serviço pela força dos braços, fazendo-os trabalhar pelo sustento. Diz-se que os vaishyas são punidos por exações monetárias e multas. O shudra é descrito como ‘sem pena punitiva’; para ele, a única medida corretiva é exigir serviço, não impor outras formas de punição.”

वाचाby speech
वाचा:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootवाच्
FormFeminine, Instrumental, Singular
दण्डःpunishment
दण्डः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदण्ड
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
ब्राह्मणानाम्of Brahmins
ब्राह्मणानाम्:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootब्राह्मण
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
क्षत्रियाणाम्of Kshatriyas
क्षत्रियाणाम्:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootक्षत्रिय
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
भुजार्पणम्offering of the arm (i.e., bodily service/force)
भुजार्पणम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootभुज-अर्पण
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
दानदण्डाःpunishments consisting of fines/forfeiture (lit. 'giving-penalties')
दानदण्डाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदान-दण्ड
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
स्मृताःare considered/are remembered (as)
स्मृताः:
TypeVerb
Rootस्मृ
FormPerfect passive participle (PPP), Plural
वैश्याःVaishyas
वैश्याः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootवैश्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
निर्दण्डःwithout punishment
निर्दण्डः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootनिर्दण्ड
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
शूद्रःthe Shudra
शूद्रः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootशूद्र
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उच्यतेis said/is called
उच्यते:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Passive

अजुन उवाच

A
Arjuna
B
Brahmin (Brāhmaṇa)
K
Kshatriya (Kṣatriya)
V
Vaishya (Vaiśya)
S
Shudra (Śūdra)
D
Daṇḍa (punishment/penalty)

Educational Q&A

The verse outlines a graded theory of punishment (daṇḍa) tied to social roles: Brahmins are corrected primarily through verbal censure, Kshatriyas through enforced service/labor, Vaishyas through financial penalties, and Shudras are described as not receiving formal punitive penalties beyond being made to serve—presented as a traditional schema of discipline and social regulation.

In the Shanti Parva’s discourse on dharma and governance, Arjuna speaks about how punishment should be applied differently across social classes, summarizing a remembered rule of daṇḍanīti (policy of punishment) as part of a broader ethical discussion.