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Shloka 144

आपद्धर्मनिर्णयः — विश्वामित्र-श्वपचसंवादः

Apaddharma Determination: Dialogue of Viśvāmitra and the Śvapaca

मित्रे वा यदि वा शत्रौ तस्यापि चलिता मति: । “जो मनुष्य स्वार्थके सम्बन्धका विचार किये बिना ही मित्रोंपर केवल विश्वास और शत्रुओंपर केवल अविश्वास करता जाता है तथा जो शत्रु हो या मित्र

mitre vā yadi vā śatrau tasyāpi calitā matiḥ | na viśvased aviśvaste viśvaste nātiviśvaset ||

Bhishma disse: “Quer se trate de um amigo, quer de um inimigo, a mente daquele que age por mero hábito—confiando cegamente nos amigos e desconfiando cegamente dos inimigos, sem examinar o próprio interesse e as circunstâncias—permanece instável. Portanto, não se deve confiar no que é indigno de confiança; e mesmo no digno, não se deve depositar confiança excessiva. (Este conselho é ilustrado no relato seguinte, sobre a libertação do gato da rede de um Caṇḍāla com a ajuda de um rato.)”

मित्रेin/with regard to a friend
मित्रे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootमित्र
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
वाor
वा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा
यदिif
यदि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयदि
वाor
वा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा
शत्रौin/with regard to an enemy
शत्रौ:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootशत्रु
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
तस्यof him/that person
तस्य:
Adhikarana
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular
अपिalso/even
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
चलिताunsteady, wavering
चलिता:
TypeAdjective
Rootचलित
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
मतिःmind, understanding
मतिः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमति
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
F
friend (mitra)
E
enemy (śatru)
M
mouse
C
cat
C
Caṇḍāla
N
net (jāla)

Educational Q&A

Bhishma teaches measured trust: do not trust those who are untrustworthy, and even with trustworthy people avoid overconfidence. Blind trust in friends and automatic suspicion of enemies—without assessing motives and context—signals unstable judgment.

Bhishma is giving Yudhiṣṭhira practical nīti in the Śānti Parva. He frames the maxim about trust and then points to an illustrative story: a cat is freed from a Caṇḍāla’s net with the help of a mouse, showing how appearances and relationships can be deceptive and why discernment is necessary.