Shloka 39

बालो>प्यबाल: स्थविरो रिपुर्य: सदा प्रमत्तं पुरुषं निहन्यात्‌ | कालेनान्यस्तस्य मूलं हरेत कालज्ञाता पार्थिवानां वरिष्ठ:,शत्रु बालक, जवान अथवा बूढ़ा ही क्‍यों न हो, सदा सावधान न रहनेवाले मनुष्यका नाश कर डालता है। दूसरा कोई धनसम्पन्न शत्रु अनुकूल समयका सहयोग पाकर राजाकी जड़ उखाड़ सकता है। इसलिये जो समयको जानता है, वही समस्त राजाओंमें श्रेष्ठ है

bālo ’py abālaḥ sthaviro ripur yaḥ sadā pramattaṃ puruṣaṃ nihanyāt | kālenānyas tasya mūlaṃ haret kālajñātā pārthivānāṃ variṣṭhaḥ ||

Disse Bhishma: Até um inimigo que seja apenas uma criança — ou não criança, seja jovem ou velho — pode destruir um homem sempre descuidado. E outro adversário, amparado pelo momento oportuno, pode arrancar um rei pela raiz. Por isso, entre os governantes, o melhor é aquele que compreende o Tempo e age na estação certa.

बालःa child
बालः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootबाल
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अपिeven/also
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
अबालःnot a child (i.e., a youth/adult)
अबालः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअबाल
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
स्थविरःan old man
स्थविरः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootस्थविर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
रिपुःenemy
रिपुः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootरिपु
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
यःwho
यः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
सदाalways
सदा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसदा
प्रमत्तम्careless, negligent
प्रमत्तम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रमत्त
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
पुरुषम्a man/person
पुरुषम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपुरुष
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
निहन्यात्would/should kill, strike down
निहन्यात्:
TypeVerb
Rootहन् (नि + हन्)
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
कालेनby/with time; at the right time
कालेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootकाल
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
अन्यःanother (person)
अन्यः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootअन्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तस्यof him/of that (man/king)
तस्य:
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular
मूलम्root; foundation
मूलम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootमूल
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
हरेतwould/should take away, remove
हरेत:
TypeVerb
Rootहृ
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
कालज्ञाताknower of time/opportunity
कालज्ञाता:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकालज्ञातृ (काल + ज्ञातृ)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
पार्थिवानाम्of kings
पार्थिवानाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootपार्थिव
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
वरिष्ठःthe best, most excellent
वरिष्ठः:
TypeAdjective
Rootवरिष्ठ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
E
enemy (ripu)
K
king/ruler (pārthiva)

Educational Q&A

Carelessness invites ruin: even a seemingly weak opponent can destroy the negligent. In kingship and conduct, mastery of kāla—right timing, circumstance, and opportunity—is a supreme virtue.

In the Shanti Parva’s instruction on rāja-dharma and practical governance, Bhishma warns the kingly listener that threats are not measured only by an enemy’s age or apparent strength; strategic timing and constant vigilance determine survival and stability.