Shloka 35

यथा वप्रे वेगवति सर्वतः सम्प्लुतोदके । नित्यं विवरणाद्‌ बाधस्तथा राज्यं प्रमाद्यतः,जैसे जलका प्रवाह बड़े वेगसे बह रहा हो और सब ओर जल-ही-जल फैल रहा हो, उस समय नदीतटके विदीर्ण होकर गिर जानेका सदा ही भय रहता है। उसी प्रकार यदि राजा सावधान न रहे तो उसके राज्यके नष्ट होनेका खतरा बना रहता है

yathā vapre vegavati sarvataḥ samplutodake | nityaṁ vivaraṇād bādhas tathā rājyaṁ pramādyataḥ ||

Disse Bhīṣma: Assim como, quando uma torrente corre com grande ímpeto e a água se espalha por toda parte, há perigo constante de a margem do rio rachar e desabar, do mesmo modo um reino está continuamente em risco de ruína quando seu governante é negligente.

यथाjust as
यथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथा
वप्रेon/at the embankment (bank)
वप्रे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootवप्र
FormMasculine/Neuter, Locative, Singular
वेगवतिwhen (the water) is swift/impetuous
वेगवति:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootवेगवत्
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
सर्वतःon all sides
सर्वतः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसर्वतः
सम्प्लुतflooded, inundated
सम्प्लुत:
TypeAdjective
Rootसम् + प्लु
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
उदकेin water
उदके:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootउदक
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
नित्यम्always
नित्यम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootनित्य
विवरणात्from a breach/cleft (gap)
विवरणात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootविवरण
FormNeuter, Ablative, Singular
बाधःdanger, harm, obstruction
बाधः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootबाध
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तथाso, likewise
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
राज्यम्kingdom, rule
राज्यम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootराज्य
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
प्रमाद्यतःfrom (the king) being negligent; due to negligence
प्रमाद्यतः:
Apadana
TypeVerb
Rootप्र + मद्
FormPresent active participle (शतृ), Masculine, Ablative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
K
king (implied)
K
kingdom
R
riverbank/embankment
F
flooding water/current

Educational Q&A

A ruler must remain continually alert; negligence (pramāda) creates small breaches that quickly become irreversible collapse, just as a flood breaks a weakened embankment.

In the Shanti Parva’s instruction on kingship, Bhishma advises the king through a vivid simile: the state is like a riverbank under flood—only constant watchfulness and maintenance prevent ruin.