Shloka 40
Devanagari script
ततो जनसहस्राणि बाष्पपूर्णानि मारिष
Transliteration
tato janasahasrāṇi bāṣpapūrṇāni māriṣa
Translation
Então, ó venerável, milhares de pessoas ficaram tomadas de lágrimas.
Word by Word
ततःthen/thereupon
ततः:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootततः (तद्-प्रातिपदिकात् अव्यय)
Formअव्यय (तस्मात्/ततः = thereafter/from there)
जनसहस्राणिthousands of people
जनसहस्राणि:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootजन + सहस्र (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन
बाष्पपूर्णानिfilled with tears
बाष्पपूर्णानि:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootबाष्प + पूर्ण (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन (जनसहस्राणि इति विशेषणम्)
मारिषO sir!/O venerable one!
मारिष:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootमारिष (सम्बोधन-शब्द)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन, एकवचन
Speaker
संजय उवाच
Characters & Entities
S
Sañjaya (speaker)D
Dhṛtarāṣṭra (implied addressee by 'māriṣa')P
people/crowds (jana)Character Dynamics
Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)
War Context
Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)
Philosophical Teaching
Political Layer
Geographic Context
Meter (Chandas)
Sandhi Notes
Educational Q&A
The verse foregrounds the moral and emotional aftermath of violence: war is not merely strategy and victory, but a catastrophe that produces collective grief, reminding the listener to weigh actions against their human consequences.
Sañjaya reports to the king that vast numbers of people are overcome with tears, indicating a moment of widespread lamentation and shock in the wake of the unfolding events of the Kurukṣetra war.