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Shloka 21

Kṛtavarmā–Sātyaki Chariot Duel and Kaurava Morale Shock (कृतवर्म-सात्यकि-द्वैरथम्)

ततः पृषत्कान्‌ प्रववर्ष राजा सूर्यो यथा रश्मिजालं समन्तात्‌ । तैराशुगैर्वध्यमाना रथौघा: प्रदुद्रुवु: सहितास्तत्र तत्र,तदनन्तर जैसे सूर्यदेव सब ओर अपनी किरणोंका प्रसार करते हैं, उसी प्रकार राजा शाल्वने बाणोंकी वर्षा आरम्भ कर दी। उन शीघ्रगामी बाणोंकी मार खाकर वे पाण्डव रथी एक साथ इधर-उधर भागने लगे

tataḥ pṛṣatkān pravavarṣa rājā sūryo yathā raśmijālaṃ samantāt | tair āśugair vadhyamānā rathaughāḥ pradudruvuḥ sahitās tatra tatra ||

Disse Sañjaya: Então o rei Śālva começou a derramar uma chuva de flechas, espalhando-as por todos os lados como o Sol lança uma rede de raios. Atingidos e acossados por aqueles dardos velozes, os numerosos carros dos Pāṇḍavas, embora juntos, romperam a formação e fugiram para cá e para lá.

ततःthen, thereafter
ततः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootततः
पृषत्कान्arrows
पृषत्कान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपृषत्क
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
प्रववर्षrained forth, showered
प्रववर्ष:
TypeVerb
Rootवृष्
FormPerfect (Liṭ), 3, Singular, Parasmaipada
राजाthe king
राजा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
सूर्यःthe sun
सूर्यः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसूर्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
यथाas, just as
यथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथा
रश्मि-जालम्a net/mass of rays
रश्मि-जालम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootरश्मि-जाल
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
समन्तात्on all sides, all around
समन्तात्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसमन्तात्
तैःby those
तैः:
Karana
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Plural
आशुगैःswift-moving
आशुगैः:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootआशुग
FormMasculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Plural
वध्यमानाःbeing struck/killed
वध्यमानाः:
TypeAdjective
Rootवध्यमान
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural, Śānac (present passive participle), Passive
रथ-ओघाःmasses/hosts of chariots (chariot-warriors)
रथ-ओघाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootरथ-ओघ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
प्रदुद्रुवुःran away, fled
प्रदुद्रुवुः:
TypeVerb
Rootद्रु
FormPerfect (Liṭ), 3, Plural, Parasmaipada
सहिताःtogether, united
सहिताः:
TypeAdjective
Rootसहित
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural, kta (past passive participle)
तत्रthere
तत्र:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतत्र
तत्रthere (here and there)
तत्र:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतत्र

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
R
rājā (the king, i.e., Śalya in context)
S
Sūrya (the Sun)
P
pṛṣatka (arrows)
R
ratha (chariots)
P
Pāṇḍava charioteers (implied by context)

Educational Q&A

Even trained warriors can be destabilized when faced with overwhelming, well-directed force; the verse highlights the ethical and practical importance of steadiness (dhairya) and cohesion in fulfilling kṣatriya-duty amid fear and confusion.

Sañjaya describes the king unleashing a dense, all-directional volley of arrows, compared to the Sun’s rays spreading everywhere; under this rapid assault, the Pāṇḍava chariot-host loses order and scatters in different directions.