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Shloka 80

Śalya-hatānantarāṇi: Madrarāja-padānugānāṃ praskandana and the Pandava counter-encirclement (शल्यहतानन्तराणि—मद्रराजपदानुगानां प्रस्कन्दनम्)

तत्‌ परे नान्वबुध्यन्त सैन्येन रजसा वृते

tat pare nānvabudhyanta sainyena rajasā vṛte

Sañjaya disse: Mas os do outro lado não puderam perceber com clareza o que se passava, pois o exército estava envolto numa nuvem de poeira. Na névoa moral da batalha—onde prevalecem a confusão e a visão obscurecida—o juízo correto torna-se difícil, e as ações são movidas mais pela circunstância do que pelo discernimento.

तत्that (event/thing)
तत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
परेthe others (opponents/others)
परे:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अन्वबुध्यन्तunderstood/perceived (followingly)
अन्वबुध्यन्त:
TypeVerb
Rootअनु + बुध्
FormImperfect (Laṅ), 3rd, Plural, Parasmaipada
सैन्येनby/with the army
सैन्येन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootसैन्य
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
रजसाby/with dust
रजसा:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootरजस्
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
वृतेwhen covered/enveloped
वृते:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootवृ (वृणोति/वृणुते) → वृत
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular

संजय उवाच

संजय (Sañjaya)
सैन्य (the army/host)
रजस् (dust)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights how, in war, perception and understanding are easily obstructed—here literally by dust—suggesting that clarity of judgment is fragile amid violence and turmoil.

Sañjaya reports that the opposing side could not make out the situation because the movement of the troops raised dust that covered the battlefield, preventing clear recognition of events.