Shloka 1

Book 9 (Śalya-parva), Adhyāya 13 — Arjuna’s Arrow-storm and the Drauṇi Confrontation

Devanagari script

नशा (0) उस औअन+- त्रयोदशो 5 ध्याय: मद्रराज शल्यका अद्भुत पराक्रम संजय उवाच पीडिते धर्मराजे तु मद्रराजेन मारिष | सात्यकिर्भीमसेनश्व माद्रीपुत्री च पाण्डवी

Transliteration

sañjaya uvāca | pīḍite dharmarāje tu madrarājena māriṣa | sātyakir bhīmasenaś ca mādrīputrī ca pāṇḍavī ||

Translation

Sañjaya disse: Quando o rei Dharmaraja (Yudhiṣṭhira) era duramente pressionado por Shalya, rei de Madra, ó venerável, Sātyaki e Bhīmasena, e também a princesa Pāṇḍava — filha de Mādrī — avançaram e agiram em resposta.

Word by Word

• संजय: O Sañjaya
• Type: Noun
• Root: संजय
• Form: Masculine, Vocative, Singular

• उवाच: said
• Type: Verb
• Root: वच्
• Form: Perfect (Paroksha-bhuta), 3rd, Singular

• पीडिते: when (he) was afflicted / in the afflicted (state)
• पीडिते: Adhikarana
• Type: Adjective
• Root: पीडित
• Form: Masculine, Locative, Singular

• धर्मराजे: in/when Dharmarāja (Yudhiṣṭhira)
• धर्मराजे: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: धर्मराज
• Form: Masculine, Locative, Singular

• तु: but/indeed
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तु

• मद्रराजेन: by the king of Madra (Śalya)
• मद्रराजेन: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: मद्रराज
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental, Singular

• मारिष: O venerable one / O dear sir
• Type: Noun
• Root: मारिष
• Form: Masculine, Vocative, Singular

• सात्यकिः: Sātyaki
• सात्यकिः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: सात्यकि
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• भीमसेनः: Bhīmasena
• भीमसेनः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: भीमसेन
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• माद्रीपुत्री: Mādrī's daughter (Sahadeva's twin? here: likely Nakula/Sahadeva line; feminine points to Draupadī? but form is feminine)
• माद्रीपुत्री: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: माद्रीपुत्री
• Form: Feminine, Nominative, Singular

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• पाण्डवी: the Pāṇḍavī (Draupadī / a woman of the Pāṇḍavas)
• पाण्डवी: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: पाण्डवी
• Form: Feminine, Nominative, Singular

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sanjaya
• Dharmaraja (Yudhishthira)
• Madraraja (Shalya)
• Satyaki
• Bhimasena (Bhima)
• Madriputri (daughter of Madri)
• Pandavi (a Pandava princess)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

Even the righteous leader (Dharmaraja) can be overwhelmed in war; dharma in such moments includes steadfastness and timely support from allies, showing that righteousness is sustained not only by personal virtue but also by collective responsibility.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sanjaya reports that Shalya, king of Madra, is pressing Yudhishthira hard in battle, and that key Pandava allies—Satyaki and Bhima, along with a Pandava figure identified as Madri’s daughter—move in response to the danger.